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Samenvatting Bio-informatica - links en commandos deel databases| KU Leuven | 2025/26

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Dit document is een overzicht van alle gebruikte links en commandos voor Jupyter. Aan de hand hiervan hoef je tijdens het open boek examen niets meer op te zoeken en kan je alles kopieren en plakken uit het document. Behandelde thema's: databases zoals NCBI Entrez Gene, UniProt, PubMed, GTEx en UCSC Genome Browser + praktische commando's voor Jupyter Notebook, EMBOSS, en BEDTools voor genoom- en genexpressie-analyses.

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Entrez gene (NCBI): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/

→ NM – links naar uniprot, OMIM, ensembl – genbank – functie – biologische processen



Uniprot: https://www.uniprot.org/

→ proteine sequenties – GO – 3D structuur – annotaties alignment: tool ‘align’



PubMed:
https://kuleuven.limo.libis.be/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=32KUL_KUL:KULeuven&pcAvailability=false&docid=al
ma9929806100101471



QuickGo: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/

→ gene ontology – verhoudingen tegenover elkaar



OLS: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/

→ alle ontologieën in opgenomen (cell ontology, …)

Verschil tussen enkelvoud en meervoud !!



GTEx: https://www.gtexportal.org/home/

→ genexpressie per weefsel (postmortem afgenomen)

GTEx: log bekijken + median sort



CELLxGENE: https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/gene-expression

→ genexpressiepatronen visualiseren – merkergenen = kleurtjes

Dataset = kleurtjes cell guide = soort cellen zoeken om naar marker genes te gaan



OMIM: https://www.omim.org/

→ link genen en ziekten mendeliaanse monogenetische aandoeningen



Human Phenotype ontology: https://hpo.jax.org/

→ genotypische associatie – fenotypes beschrijven

Tellen in Excel: gegevens (data) – filter – advanced – enkel unieke



Muis genoom data: https://www.informatics.jax.org/



Human Cell Atlas: https://data.humancellatlas.org/

, UCSC: https://genome.ucsc.edu/

→ genoomdata – combi databanken – BLAT – table browser – in silico PCR (+ Primer3)

→ bepaalde plaatsen in genoom vinden – bepaalde repeats in genoom vinden

Let op haakjes & AND/OR/LIKE bij SQL queries

Let op juiste genoom !! genome browser > ‘reset all user settings’



BLAST: https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi

Alligneren met andere genomen van nt sequenties / proteine sequenties



JUPYTER: https://jupyter.gbiomed.kuleuven.be/user/r1057810/lab

Handige commando’s:

Folder aanmaken: mkdir -p /data/user/$USER/

Unieke gennamne vinden: cat cellcyclegenes.txt | grep -v "!" | cut -f3 | sort -u | wc -l

Unieke gennamen per species: echo -n "mens: "

cat cellcyclegenes.txt | grep taxon:9606 | cut -f3 | sort -u | wc -l

Nieuw bestand aanmaken van geselecteerde gegevens:

cat cellcyclegenes.txt | cut -f3 | grep -i ccnd | sort -u > unique-ccndgenes.txt



EMBOSS commando’s: start vanuit genbank file

Fasta sequence van genbank extraheren: seqret -feature = gff file met eigenschappen

Schematische voorstelling: showfeat

GC%: infoseq met -html schema maken

Nt → AZ: transeq in 6 frames transleren! -frame

Reverse complement maken: revseq



CpG islands berekenen: newcpgreport → zie default waarden

Cpgplot

→ gff file aanmaken met juiste startpositie voor custom track UCSC



BEDTools commando’s: 2 files intersecten

File downloaden vanuit notebook: curl -O website

2 files intersecten – bv CpG island overlap met exons: bedtools intersect

bedtools intersect -wa -a cpg.bed -b exons.bed

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