MED SURG / MEDICAL
SURGICAL/ HESI MED SURG
EXAM PREP TEST BANK -
LATEST MOCK PRACTICE SET
185 Questions with Answers and Detailed Rationales
100 PERCENT GUARANTEED PASS
INSTANT DOWNLOAD ANSWERS INCLUDED
IMPORTANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT
This comprehensive examination preparation guide has been meticulously developed to help you succeed in the
MED SURG / MEDICAL SURGICAL/ HESI MED SURG EXAM PREP TEST BANK - PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES REVIEW/ LATEST EXAM PREP TEST BANK FOR HESI MED
SURG EXAM (NEW!). It contains 185 carefully selected questions that reflect the most current exam content and
testing strategies. Each question is accompanied by a correct answer and a detailed rationale that explains the
underlying concepts and reasoning required to master the material.
Self-Assessment – Test your knowledge and Exam Preparation – Familiarize yourself with the
identify areas requiring further question format and content
study areas
Concept Reinforcement – Deepen your Confidence Building – Develop test-taking
understanding through strategies and reduce
evidence-based exam anxiety
rationales
Time Management – Practice answering questions
under simulated exam
conditions
Review Summary 185 Questions
Foundations - Application - MED SURG / Medical Surgical/ HESI MED SURG PREP BANK AND Correct
WITH Rationales Review/ PREP BANK FOR HESI MED SURG NEW Medical-surgical Nursing
Undergraduate YEAR 4 / Graduate
All answers with rationales
,Table of Contents
Section A - Cardiovascular Disorders Section B - Respiratory Disorders
Questions 1 to 47 Questions 48 to 94
Section C - Neurological Disorders Section D - Gastrointestinal Disorders
Questions 95 to 141 Questions 142 to 185
,Section A - Cardiovascular Disorders
Q1.
A patient with acute decompensated heart failure presents with severe dyspnea,
orthopnea, and oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. Crackles are audible in all lung
fields. Which intervention should the nurse initiate first?
A. Administer intravenous furosemide B. Position the patient in high Fowler's
C. Apply supplemental oxygen via D. Insert a urinary catheter for strict output
non-rebreather mask monitoring
Correct: A - Administer intravenous furosemide
Rationale:
While all options are important, the priority in acute pulmonary edema is reducing preload with
IV furosemide to promote diuresis and decrease fluid overload. Oxygen and positioning are
supportive but do not address the underlying fluid shift. Catheter insertion can be performed
after pharmacologic intervention.
Q2.
A mechanically ventilated patient suddenly exhibits oxygen desaturation (SpO2 82%),
tracheal deviation to the left, and absent breath sounds on the right. Which action should
the nurse take first?
A. Perform needle decompression at the B. Increase the FiO2 to 100%
second intercostal space, midclavicular line
C. Obtain a stat chest radiograph D. Insert a large-bore chest tube
Correct: A - Perform needle decompression at the second intercostal space, midclavicular
line
Rationale:
The presentation is classic for tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening emergency.
Immediate decompression with a large-bore needle is required to release trapped air and
restore hemodynamics. Increasing oxygen and waiting for imaging delay definitive treatment.
Chest tube insertion follows decompression.
Q3.
A patient with chronic kidney disease stage 4 has a serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L. Which
electrocardiographic change is most specific for this level of hyperkalemia?
A. Prolonged PR interval B. Widened QRS complex
Page 3
, Section A - Cardiovascular Disorders
C. Tall, peaked T waves D. ST segment depression
Correct: C - Tall, peaked T waves
Rationale:
Tall, peaked T waves are an early and characteristic ECG finding of hyperkalemia, often
appearing at potassium levels above 5.5 mEq/L. Widened QRS occurs later with severe
hyperkalemia (>7.0 mEq/L). Prolonged PR and ST depression are less specific.
Q4.
A patient with type 1 diabetes presents with polyuria, vomiting, and Kussmaul
respirations. Arterial blood gas shows pH 7.2, PaCO2 25 mm Hg, and HCO3- 10 mEq/L.
Which intervention should the nurse initiate first?
A. Administer intravenous regular insulin B. Begin intravenous fluid resuscitation with
bolus 0.9% normal saline
C. Infuse sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq IV D. Start a continuous insulin infusion at 0.1
units/kg/hr
Correct: B - Begin intravenous fluid resuscitation with 0.9% normal saline
Rationale:
Fluid resuscitation is the priority in diabetic ketoacidosis to correct hypovolemia and improve
tissue perfusion. Insulin therapy is essential but should follow fluid replacement to prevent
hypokalemia. Bicarbonate is not indicated unless pH < 7.0; it may worsen intracellular
acidosis.
Q5.
A patient with cirrhosis and a history of esophageal varices is admitted with hematemesis
and melena. After initial stabilization, which diagnostic test should the nurse anticipate to
confirm the source of bleeding?
A. Barium swallow B. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
C. Abdominal CT angiography D. Colonoscopy
Correct: B - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Rationale:
Upper GI endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing and treating esophageal varices. It
allows direct visualization and potential intervention (band ligation). Barium swallow is less
accurate in acute bleeding. CT angiography may identify but cannot treat. Colonoscopy
evaluates lower GI bleeding.
Page 4
SURGICAL/ HESI MED SURG
EXAM PREP TEST BANK -
LATEST MOCK PRACTICE SET
185 Questions with Answers and Detailed Rationales
100 PERCENT GUARANTEED PASS
INSTANT DOWNLOAD ANSWERS INCLUDED
IMPORTANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT
This comprehensive examination preparation guide has been meticulously developed to help you succeed in the
MED SURG / MEDICAL SURGICAL/ HESI MED SURG EXAM PREP TEST BANK - PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES REVIEW/ LATEST EXAM PREP TEST BANK FOR HESI MED
SURG EXAM (NEW!). It contains 185 carefully selected questions that reflect the most current exam content and
testing strategies. Each question is accompanied by a correct answer and a detailed rationale that explains the
underlying concepts and reasoning required to master the material.
Self-Assessment – Test your knowledge and Exam Preparation – Familiarize yourself with the
identify areas requiring further question format and content
study areas
Concept Reinforcement – Deepen your Confidence Building – Develop test-taking
understanding through strategies and reduce
evidence-based exam anxiety
rationales
Time Management – Practice answering questions
under simulated exam
conditions
Review Summary 185 Questions
Foundations - Application - MED SURG / Medical Surgical/ HESI MED SURG PREP BANK AND Correct
WITH Rationales Review/ PREP BANK FOR HESI MED SURG NEW Medical-surgical Nursing
Undergraduate YEAR 4 / Graduate
All answers with rationales
,Table of Contents
Section A - Cardiovascular Disorders Section B - Respiratory Disorders
Questions 1 to 47 Questions 48 to 94
Section C - Neurological Disorders Section D - Gastrointestinal Disorders
Questions 95 to 141 Questions 142 to 185
,Section A - Cardiovascular Disorders
Q1.
A patient with acute decompensated heart failure presents with severe dyspnea,
orthopnea, and oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. Crackles are audible in all lung
fields. Which intervention should the nurse initiate first?
A. Administer intravenous furosemide B. Position the patient in high Fowler's
C. Apply supplemental oxygen via D. Insert a urinary catheter for strict output
non-rebreather mask monitoring
Correct: A - Administer intravenous furosemide
Rationale:
While all options are important, the priority in acute pulmonary edema is reducing preload with
IV furosemide to promote diuresis and decrease fluid overload. Oxygen and positioning are
supportive but do not address the underlying fluid shift. Catheter insertion can be performed
after pharmacologic intervention.
Q2.
A mechanically ventilated patient suddenly exhibits oxygen desaturation (SpO2 82%),
tracheal deviation to the left, and absent breath sounds on the right. Which action should
the nurse take first?
A. Perform needle decompression at the B. Increase the FiO2 to 100%
second intercostal space, midclavicular line
C. Obtain a stat chest radiograph D. Insert a large-bore chest tube
Correct: A - Perform needle decompression at the second intercostal space, midclavicular
line
Rationale:
The presentation is classic for tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening emergency.
Immediate decompression with a large-bore needle is required to release trapped air and
restore hemodynamics. Increasing oxygen and waiting for imaging delay definitive treatment.
Chest tube insertion follows decompression.
Q3.
A patient with chronic kidney disease stage 4 has a serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L. Which
electrocardiographic change is most specific for this level of hyperkalemia?
A. Prolonged PR interval B. Widened QRS complex
Page 3
, Section A - Cardiovascular Disorders
C. Tall, peaked T waves D. ST segment depression
Correct: C - Tall, peaked T waves
Rationale:
Tall, peaked T waves are an early and characteristic ECG finding of hyperkalemia, often
appearing at potassium levels above 5.5 mEq/L. Widened QRS occurs later with severe
hyperkalemia (>7.0 mEq/L). Prolonged PR and ST depression are less specific.
Q4.
A patient with type 1 diabetes presents with polyuria, vomiting, and Kussmaul
respirations. Arterial blood gas shows pH 7.2, PaCO2 25 mm Hg, and HCO3- 10 mEq/L.
Which intervention should the nurse initiate first?
A. Administer intravenous regular insulin B. Begin intravenous fluid resuscitation with
bolus 0.9% normal saline
C. Infuse sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq IV D. Start a continuous insulin infusion at 0.1
units/kg/hr
Correct: B - Begin intravenous fluid resuscitation with 0.9% normal saline
Rationale:
Fluid resuscitation is the priority in diabetic ketoacidosis to correct hypovolemia and improve
tissue perfusion. Insulin therapy is essential but should follow fluid replacement to prevent
hypokalemia. Bicarbonate is not indicated unless pH < 7.0; it may worsen intracellular
acidosis.
Q5.
A patient with cirrhosis and a history of esophageal varices is admitted with hematemesis
and melena. After initial stabilization, which diagnostic test should the nurse anticipate to
confirm the source of bleeding?
A. Barium swallow B. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
C. Abdominal CT angiography D. Colonoscopy
Correct: B - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Rationale:
Upper GI endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing and treating esophageal varices. It
allows direct visualization and potential intervention (band ligation). Barium swallow is less
accurate in acute bleeding. CT angiography may identify but cannot treat. Colonoscopy
evaluates lower GI bleeding.
Page 4
