BiolDF1201DFFinalDFExamDFLSUDF-
DFEasley
1. WhatD F isD F generallyD F trueD F aboutD F essentialD F elementsD F andD F livingD F organis
ms?:D F Al-thoughDFallDFformsDFofDFlifeDFrequireDFiron,DFotherDFelementsDFareDFrequiredDFonlyDFbyDFcertainDFspecies.
2. IfD F youD F wereD F toldD F thatD F concentrationsD F ofD F traceD F elementsD F aboveD F whatD F i
sD F requiredDFbyD F organismsD F generallyD F haveD F noD F effectD F onD F thoseD F organisms
,D F whatD F wouldD F youD F say?:DFFalse.DFElevatedDFconcentrationsDFofDFsomeDFtraceDFelementsDFsuchDFasDFcobaltDF
andDFchromiumDFcanDFbeDFtoxic.
3. HowD F wouldD F youD F respondD F toD F thisD F reasoning?D F OxygenD F isD F notD F aD F gree
nhouseD F gas;D F therefore,D F gasesD F containingD F oxygen—
suchD F asD F ozone,D F nitrousD F oxide,D F andD F carbonDFdioxide—
areDFnotDFgreenhouseDFgasesDFeither.:DFFalse.DFCompoundsDFcanDFhaveDFemergentDFpropertiesDFtha
tDFareDFveryDFditterentDFfromDFthoseDFofDFtheDFelementsDFthatDFformDFthem.
4. ThereDFareDF naturallyDFoccurringDFelements.:DF92;DF25DFessentialDFtoDFhumanDFlife.
5. WhichDFofDFtheDFfollowingDFisDFaDFtraceDFelement?:DFCopperDF(Cu)DFisDFaDFtraceDFelement.DFCopperDFac
countsDFforDFlessDFthanDF0.01%DFofDFlivingDFmatter
6. WhatDFareDFtheDFfourDFmostDFabundantDFelementsDFfoundDFinDFlivingDFsystems?:DFHy
drogen,DFoxygen,DFnitrogen,DFandDFcarbon
7. WhichD F ofD F theD F followingD F hasD F negligibleD F mass?:D F Electron
8. WhichDFofDFtheDFfollowingDFsubatomicDFparticlesDFhasDFappreciableDFmassDF
butDFnoDFcharge?:DFneutron
9. TheDFnumberDFofDFprotonsDFinDFanDFunchargedDFatomDF
.:DFequalsDFtheDFnumberDFofDFelectrons
10. AnD F elementD F hasD F eightD F protons,D F nineD F neutrons,D F andD F eightD F electrons.D
F ItsD F atom-icDFnumberDFandDFatomicDFmass,DFrespectively,DFareDF
.:DF8DFandDF17.DFTheDFatomicDFmassDFisDFtheDFsumDFofDFtheDFnumberDFofDFprotonsDFandDFneutrons;DFthus,DF8DF+DF9DF=DF17.
11. AnDFunchargedDFatomDFofDFnitrogenDF(atomicDFnumberDF=DF7)DFhasDF
.:DFsevenDFprotonsDFandDFsevenDFelectrons
12. InDFwhichDFofDFtheDFfollowingDFwillDFisotopesDFofDFanDFelementDFalwaysDFdiffer?:D F at
omicDFmass
13. AD F particularD F carbonD F isotopeD F hasD F anD F atomicD F numberD F ofD F 6D F andD F anD F a
tomicD F massDFofD F 14.D F TheD F respectiveD F numbersD F ofD F neutrons,D F protons,D F and
D F electronsD F thatD F thisD F carbonDFisotopeDFhasDFareDF .:DF8,DF6,DFandDF6
14. Phosphorus-32DF(radioactive)DFhasDF thanD F phosphorus-
, BiolDF1201DFFinalDFExamDFLSUDF-
DFEasley
35D F (normal):D F -
threeDFfewerDFprotons
, BiolDF1201DFFinalDFExamDFLSUDF-
DFEasley
15. TheD F mostD F commonD F formD F ofD F calciumD F hasD F 20D F protons,D F 20D F neutrons,D
F andD F 20DFelectrons.DFWhichDFofDFtheDFfollowingDFelementsDFwouldDFbeDFanDFisotopeDF
ofDFcalcium?:D F AnD F atomDFwithDF20DFprotons,DF21DFneutrons,DFandDF20DFelectrons
16. WhyDFareDFradioactiveDFisotopesDFusefulDFinDFscientificDFresearch?:DFBecauseDFtheyDFcanDFb
eDFusedDFasDFtracersDFtoDFfollowDFparticularDFatomsDFandDFmoleculesDFthroughDFmetabolicDFpathways
17. ADFneutralDFatomDFofDFchlorineDFhasDFanDFatomicDFnumberDFofDF17.DFItDFhasDF
electronsDF inDF itsDF thirdDF shell.:DF 8
18. TheD F chemicalD F characteristicsD F orD F reactivityD F ofD F anD F elementD F dependD F m
ostlyD F onDFtheDF .:DFnumberDFofDFelectronsDFinDFitsDFoutermostDFshell
19. SomeDFgroupsDFofDFchemicalDFelementsDFreactDFsimilarlyDFtoDFoneDFanother.
DFForDFexample, DFtheDFchemistries DFofDFsodium DFandDFofDFlithium DFareDFsimilar,D
FasDFare DFtheDFchemistriesDFofDFchlorineDFand DFofDFiodine.DFTheseDFsimilarities DF
inDFchemistryDFresultDFwhenDFdifferentDFelementsDFhaveDFsimilarDF
.:DFnumbersDFofDFouter-shellDFelectrons
20. HowDFmanyDFelectronsDFwouldDFbeDFpresentDFinDFtheDFvalenceDFshellDFofDFaDFsul
furDFatomDF(atomicDFnumberDF16,DFmassDFnumberDF32)?:DFsixDFelectrons
21. ForD F mostD F atoms,D F whenD F doesD F theD F configurationD F ofD F electronsD F makeD F t
heD F atomD F unreactive?:DFWhenDFtheDFatomDFhasDFeightDFelectronsDFinDFitsDFoutermostDFshell
22. AnDFatomDFthatDFnormallyDFhasDF
inDFitsDFouterDFshellDFwouldDFnotDFtendDFtoDFformDFchemicalDFbondsDFwithDFother
DFatoms.:DFeightDFelectrons
23. WhenD F oneD F orD F moreD F pairsD F ofD F valenceD F electronsD F areD F sharedD F byD F t
woD F neutralDFatoms,DFwhatDFtypeDFofDFbondDFisDFformed?:DFaDFcovalentDFbond
24. ADFcovalentDFbondDFisDFlikelyDFtoDFbeDFpolarDFifDF
.:DFoneDFofDFtheDFatomsDFsharingDFelectronsDFisDFmuchDFmoreDFelectronegativeDFthanDFtheDFother
25. WhenDFtheDFprotonDFnumberDFandDFelectronDFnumberDFareDFunequal,DFtheDFatomD
ForDFmoleculeDF .:DFisDFanDFion
26. CopperDFhasDFanDFatomicDFnumberDFofDF29DFandDFaDFmassDFnumberDFofDF64.DFWhat
DFwouldDFresultDFifDFanDFunchargedDFcopperDFatomDFlostDFtwoDFelectrons?:D F TheDFatomicDFnumb
erDFwouldDFremainDF29,DFtheDFmassDFnumberDFwouldDFremainDF64,DFandDFtheDFatomDFwouldDFbeDFaDFcationDFwithDFaDF+2DFc
harge.
27. TheD F compoundD F CaSO4D F ionizesD F intoD F aD F calciumD F ionD F andD F aD F sulfateD F i
, BiolDF1201DFFinalDFExamDFLSUDF-
DFEasley
onD F (SO4).DFCalciumD F hasD F twoD F electronsD F inD F itsD F outerD F shell.D F UponD F ionizati
on,D F whatD F wouldD F youDFexpectD F theD F chargeD F onD F theD F sulfateD F ionD F toD F be?:D F -
2
28. IonicD F bondsD F formD F asD F aD F resultD F ofD F
.:D F attractionDFbetweenDFionsDFthatDFhaveDFoppositeDFcharge
s
DFEasley
1. WhatD F isD F generallyD F trueD F aboutD F essentialD F elementsD F andD F livingD F organis
ms?:D F Al-thoughDFallDFformsDFofDFlifeDFrequireDFiron,DFotherDFelementsDFareDFrequiredDFonlyDFbyDFcertainDFspecies.
2. IfD F youD F wereD F toldD F thatD F concentrationsD F ofD F traceD F elementsD F aboveD F whatD F i
sD F requiredDFbyD F organismsD F generallyD F haveD F noD F effectD F onD F thoseD F organisms
,D F whatD F wouldD F youD F say?:DFFalse.DFElevatedDFconcentrationsDFofDFsomeDFtraceDFelementsDFsuchDFasDFcobaltDF
andDFchromiumDFcanDFbeDFtoxic.
3. HowD F wouldD F youD F respondD F toD F thisD F reasoning?D F OxygenD F isD F notD F aD F gree
nhouseD F gas;D F therefore,D F gasesD F containingD F oxygen—
suchD F asD F ozone,D F nitrousD F oxide,D F andD F carbonDFdioxide—
areDFnotDFgreenhouseDFgasesDFeither.:DFFalse.DFCompoundsDFcanDFhaveDFemergentDFpropertiesDFtha
tDFareDFveryDFditterentDFfromDFthoseDFofDFtheDFelementsDFthatDFformDFthem.
4. ThereDFareDF naturallyDFoccurringDFelements.:DF92;DF25DFessentialDFtoDFhumanDFlife.
5. WhichDFofDFtheDFfollowingDFisDFaDFtraceDFelement?:DFCopperDF(Cu)DFisDFaDFtraceDFelement.DFCopperDFac
countsDFforDFlessDFthanDF0.01%DFofDFlivingDFmatter
6. WhatDFareDFtheDFfourDFmostDFabundantDFelementsDFfoundDFinDFlivingDFsystems?:DFHy
drogen,DFoxygen,DFnitrogen,DFandDFcarbon
7. WhichD F ofD F theD F followingD F hasD F negligibleD F mass?:D F Electron
8. WhichDFofDFtheDFfollowingDFsubatomicDFparticlesDFhasDFappreciableDFmassDF
butDFnoDFcharge?:DFneutron
9. TheDFnumberDFofDFprotonsDFinDFanDFunchargedDFatomDF
.:DFequalsDFtheDFnumberDFofDFelectrons
10. AnD F elementD F hasD F eightD F protons,D F nineD F neutrons,D F andD F eightD F electrons.D
F ItsD F atom-icDFnumberDFandDFatomicDFmass,DFrespectively,DFareDF
.:DF8DFandDF17.DFTheDFatomicDFmassDFisDFtheDFsumDFofDFtheDFnumberDFofDFprotonsDFandDFneutrons;DFthus,DF8DF+DF9DF=DF17.
11. AnDFunchargedDFatomDFofDFnitrogenDF(atomicDFnumberDF=DF7)DFhasDF
.:DFsevenDFprotonsDFandDFsevenDFelectrons
12. InDFwhichDFofDFtheDFfollowingDFwillDFisotopesDFofDFanDFelementDFalwaysDFdiffer?:D F at
omicDFmass
13. AD F particularD F carbonD F isotopeD F hasD F anD F atomicD F numberD F ofD F 6D F andD F anD F a
tomicD F massDFofD F 14.D F TheD F respectiveD F numbersD F ofD F neutrons,D F protons,D F and
D F electronsD F thatD F thisD F carbonDFisotopeDFhasDFareDF .:DF8,DF6,DFandDF6
14. Phosphorus-32DF(radioactive)DFhasDF thanD F phosphorus-
, BiolDF1201DFFinalDFExamDFLSUDF-
DFEasley
35D F (normal):D F -
threeDFfewerDFprotons
, BiolDF1201DFFinalDFExamDFLSUDF-
DFEasley
15. TheD F mostD F commonD F formD F ofD F calciumD F hasD F 20D F protons,D F 20D F neutrons,D
F andD F 20DFelectrons.DFWhichDFofDFtheDFfollowingDFelementsDFwouldDFbeDFanDFisotopeDF
ofDFcalcium?:D F AnD F atomDFwithDF20DFprotons,DF21DFneutrons,DFandDF20DFelectrons
16. WhyDFareDFradioactiveDFisotopesDFusefulDFinDFscientificDFresearch?:DFBecauseDFtheyDFcanDFb
eDFusedDFasDFtracersDFtoDFfollowDFparticularDFatomsDFandDFmoleculesDFthroughDFmetabolicDFpathways
17. ADFneutralDFatomDFofDFchlorineDFhasDFanDFatomicDFnumberDFofDF17.DFItDFhasDF
electronsDF inDF itsDF thirdDF shell.:DF 8
18. TheD F chemicalD F characteristicsD F orD F reactivityD F ofD F anD F elementD F dependD F m
ostlyD F onDFtheDF .:DFnumberDFofDFelectronsDFinDFitsDFoutermostDFshell
19. SomeDFgroupsDFofDFchemicalDFelementsDFreactDFsimilarlyDFtoDFoneDFanother.
DFForDFexample, DFtheDFchemistries DFofDFsodium DFandDFofDFlithium DFareDFsimilar,D
FasDFare DFtheDFchemistriesDFofDFchlorineDFand DFofDFiodine.DFTheseDFsimilarities DF
inDFchemistryDFresultDFwhenDFdifferentDFelementsDFhaveDFsimilarDF
.:DFnumbersDFofDFouter-shellDFelectrons
20. HowDFmanyDFelectronsDFwouldDFbeDFpresentDFinDFtheDFvalenceDFshellDFofDFaDFsul
furDFatomDF(atomicDFnumberDF16,DFmassDFnumberDF32)?:DFsixDFelectrons
21. ForD F mostD F atoms,D F whenD F doesD F theD F configurationD F ofD F electronsD F makeD F t
heD F atomD F unreactive?:DFWhenDFtheDFatomDFhasDFeightDFelectronsDFinDFitsDFoutermostDFshell
22. AnDFatomDFthatDFnormallyDFhasDF
inDFitsDFouterDFshellDFwouldDFnotDFtendDFtoDFformDFchemicalDFbondsDFwithDFother
DFatoms.:DFeightDFelectrons
23. WhenD F oneD F orD F moreD F pairsD F ofD F valenceD F electronsD F areD F sharedD F byD F t
woD F neutralDFatoms,DFwhatDFtypeDFofDFbondDFisDFformed?:DFaDFcovalentDFbond
24. ADFcovalentDFbondDFisDFlikelyDFtoDFbeDFpolarDFifDF
.:DFoneDFofDFtheDFatomsDFsharingDFelectronsDFisDFmuchDFmoreDFelectronegativeDFthanDFtheDFother
25. WhenDFtheDFprotonDFnumberDFandDFelectronDFnumberDFareDFunequal,DFtheDFatomD
ForDFmoleculeDF .:DFisDFanDFion
26. CopperDFhasDFanDFatomicDFnumberDFofDF29DFandDFaDFmassDFnumberDFofDF64.DFWhat
DFwouldDFresultDFifDFanDFunchargedDFcopperDFatomDFlostDFtwoDFelectrons?:D F TheDFatomicDFnumb
erDFwouldDFremainDF29,DFtheDFmassDFnumberDFwouldDFremainDF64,DFandDFtheDFatomDFwouldDFbeDFaDFcationDFwithDFaDF+2DFc
harge.
27. TheD F compoundD F CaSO4D F ionizesD F intoD F aD F calciumD F ionD F andD F aD F sulfateD F i
, BiolDF1201DFFinalDFExamDFLSUDF-
DFEasley
onD F (SO4).DFCalciumD F hasD F twoD F electronsD F inD F itsD F outerD F shell.D F UponD F ionizati
on,D F whatD F wouldD F youDFexpectD F theD F chargeD F onD F theD F sulfateD F ionD F toD F be?:D F -
2
28. IonicD F bondsD F formD F asD F aD F resultD F ofD F
.:D F attractionDFbetweenDFionsDFthatDFhaveDFoppositeDFcharge
s
