DATABASE DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING
Introduction
Data
In simple words data can be facts related to any object in consideration. For example your
name, age, height, weight, etc are some data related to you. A picture, image, file, pdf etc can
also be considered data.
A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored
electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database
management system (DBMS). Together, the data and the DBMS, along with the applications
that are associated with them, are referred to as a database system, often shortened to just
database. For example: The college Database organizes the data about the admin, staff,
students and faculty etc.
Using the database, you can easily retrieve, insert, and delete the information.
Database is a systematic collection of data. Databases support storage and manipulation of
data. Databases make data management easy. Let's discuss few examples.
An online telephone directory would definitely use database to store data pertaining to people,
phone numbers, other contact details, etc.
,Your electricity service provider is obviously using a database to manage billing, client related
issues, to handle fault data, etc.
Let's also consider the facebook. It needs to store, manipulate and present data related to
members, their friends, member activities, messages, advertisements and lot more.
Data within the most common types of databases in operation today is typically modeled in
rows and columns in a series of tables to make processing and data querying efficient. The data
can then be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled, and organized. Most
databases use structured query language (SQL) for writing and querying data.
There are many different types of databases. The best database for a specific organization
depends on how the organization intends to use the data.
Relational databases: Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s. Items in a
relational database are organized as a set of tables with columns and rows. Relational database
technology provides the most efficient and flexible way to access structured information.
Object-oriented databases: Information in an object-oriented database is represented in the
form of objects, as in object-oriented programming.
Distributed databases: A distributed database consists of two or more files located in different
sites. The database may be stored on multiple computers, located in the same physical location,
or scattered over different networks.
,Data warehouses. A central repository for data, a data warehouse is a type of database
specifically designed for fast query and analysis.
NoSQL databases: A NoSQL, or no relational database, allows unstructured and semi structured
data to be stored and manipulated (in contrast to a relational database, which defines how all
data inserted into the database must be composed). NoSQL databases grew popular as web
applications became more common and more complex.
Graph databases: A graph database stores data in terms of entities and the relationships
between entities.
OLTP databases: An OLTP database is a speedy, analytic database designed for large numbers
of transactions performed by multiple users.
Database Management System (DBMS)
DBMS stands for Database Management System. We can break it like this DBMS = Database +
Management System. Database is a collection of data and Management System is a set of
programs to store and retrieve those data. Based on this we can define DBMS like this: DBMS is
a collection of inter-related data and set of programs to store & access those data in an easy
and effective manner.
Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs which enables its users to
access database, manipulate data, reporting / representation of data.
, It also helps to control access to the database.
What is the need of DBMS?
Database systems are basically developed for large amount of data. When dealing with huge
amount of data, there are two things that require optimization: Storage of data and retrieval of
data.
Storage: According to the principles of database systems, the data is stored in such a way that
it acquires lot less space as the redundant data (duplicate data) has been removed before
storage. Let’s take a layman example to understand this:
In a banking system, suppose a customer is having two accounts, one is saving account and
another is salary account. Let’s say bank stores saving account data at one place (these places
are called tables we will learn them later) and salary account data at another place, in that case
if the customer information such as customer name, address etc. are stored at both places then
this is just a wastage of storage (redundancy/ duplication of data), to organize the data in a
better way the information should be stored at one place and both the accounts should be
linked to that information somehow. The same thing we achieve in DBMS.
Fast Retrieval of data: Along with storing the data in an optimized and systematic manner, it is
also important that we retrieve the data quickly when needed. Database systems ensure that
the data is retrieved as quickly as possible.
Purpose of Database Systems
Introduction
Data
In simple words data can be facts related to any object in consideration. For example your
name, age, height, weight, etc are some data related to you. A picture, image, file, pdf etc can
also be considered data.
A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored
electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database
management system (DBMS). Together, the data and the DBMS, along with the applications
that are associated with them, are referred to as a database system, often shortened to just
database. For example: The college Database organizes the data about the admin, staff,
students and faculty etc.
Using the database, you can easily retrieve, insert, and delete the information.
Database is a systematic collection of data. Databases support storage and manipulation of
data. Databases make data management easy. Let's discuss few examples.
An online telephone directory would definitely use database to store data pertaining to people,
phone numbers, other contact details, etc.
,Your electricity service provider is obviously using a database to manage billing, client related
issues, to handle fault data, etc.
Let's also consider the facebook. It needs to store, manipulate and present data related to
members, their friends, member activities, messages, advertisements and lot more.
Data within the most common types of databases in operation today is typically modeled in
rows and columns in a series of tables to make processing and data querying efficient. The data
can then be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled, and organized. Most
databases use structured query language (SQL) for writing and querying data.
There are many different types of databases. The best database for a specific organization
depends on how the organization intends to use the data.
Relational databases: Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s. Items in a
relational database are organized as a set of tables with columns and rows. Relational database
technology provides the most efficient and flexible way to access structured information.
Object-oriented databases: Information in an object-oriented database is represented in the
form of objects, as in object-oriented programming.
Distributed databases: A distributed database consists of two or more files located in different
sites. The database may be stored on multiple computers, located in the same physical location,
or scattered over different networks.
,Data warehouses. A central repository for data, a data warehouse is a type of database
specifically designed for fast query and analysis.
NoSQL databases: A NoSQL, or no relational database, allows unstructured and semi structured
data to be stored and manipulated (in contrast to a relational database, which defines how all
data inserted into the database must be composed). NoSQL databases grew popular as web
applications became more common and more complex.
Graph databases: A graph database stores data in terms of entities and the relationships
between entities.
OLTP databases: An OLTP database is a speedy, analytic database designed for large numbers
of transactions performed by multiple users.
Database Management System (DBMS)
DBMS stands for Database Management System. We can break it like this DBMS = Database +
Management System. Database is a collection of data and Management System is a set of
programs to store and retrieve those data. Based on this we can define DBMS like this: DBMS is
a collection of inter-related data and set of programs to store & access those data in an easy
and effective manner.
Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs which enables its users to
access database, manipulate data, reporting / representation of data.
, It also helps to control access to the database.
What is the need of DBMS?
Database systems are basically developed for large amount of data. When dealing with huge
amount of data, there are two things that require optimization: Storage of data and retrieval of
data.
Storage: According to the principles of database systems, the data is stored in such a way that
it acquires lot less space as the redundant data (duplicate data) has been removed before
storage. Let’s take a layman example to understand this:
In a banking system, suppose a customer is having two accounts, one is saving account and
another is salary account. Let’s say bank stores saving account data at one place (these places
are called tables we will learn them later) and salary account data at another place, in that case
if the customer information such as customer name, address etc. are stored at both places then
this is just a wastage of storage (redundancy/ duplication of data), to organize the data in a
better way the information should be stored at one place and both the accounts should be
linked to that information somehow. The same thing we achieve in DBMS.
Fast Retrieval of data: Along with storing the data in an optimized and systematic manner, it is
also important that we retrieve the data quickly when needed. Database systems ensure that
the data is retrieved as quickly as possible.
Purpose of Database Systems
