CMN 574 Final Study Guide
What is the ECG finding characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
Irregularly irregular rhythm with NO P waves.
What laboratory tests are used to confirm atrial fibrillation?
TSH, BMP, and cardiac biomarkers.
What score is used to assess stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation?
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score.
Which factors in the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score are assigned 2 points?
Age 75 and history of Stroke/TIA.
What are the components of the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score?
CHF (1), HTN (1), Age 75 (2), DM (1), Stroke/TIA (2), Vascular Disease (1), Age 65-75
(1), Female (1).
,What ECG changes are associated with STEMI?
ST elevation and Q waves.
What ECG changes are associated with NSTEMI?
ST depression and T wave changes.
What ECG changes are associated with unstable angina?
ST depression and T wave changes.
What is the characteristic murmur of Pulmonary Valve Stenosis?
High pitched systolic ejection murmur, maximal in the left second and third
interspaces, with an ejection click that decreases with inspiration.
How is a Ventricular Septal Defect murmur described?
Loud, harsh holosystolic murmur in the left third and fourth interspaces along the
sternum, often with a thrill.
What are the auscultation findings for Mitral Stenosis?
, Opening snap and localized low-pitched diastolic murmur, best heard at the apex in
the left lateral position.
What is the characteristic of Mitral Regurgitation murmur?
Pansystolic murmur maximal at the apex, radiating to the axilla and occasionally to
the base.
What is the murmur associated with Aortic Stenosis?
Harsh systolic murmur, sometimes with thrill along the left sternal border, often
radiating to the neck.
What is the characteristic murmur of Aortic Regurgitation?
Diastolic murmur along the left sternal border.
How is Tricuspid Stenosis murmur characterized?
Diastolic rumble along the lower left sternal border, which increases with inspiration.
What is the murmur associated with Tricuspid Regurgitation?
Holosystolic murmur along the left sternal border, increases with inspiration.
What is the ECG finding characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
Irregularly irregular rhythm with NO P waves.
What laboratory tests are used to confirm atrial fibrillation?
TSH, BMP, and cardiac biomarkers.
What score is used to assess stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation?
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score.
Which factors in the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score are assigned 2 points?
Age 75 and history of Stroke/TIA.
What are the components of the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score?
CHF (1), HTN (1), Age 75 (2), DM (1), Stroke/TIA (2), Vascular Disease (1), Age 65-75
(1), Female (1).
,What ECG changes are associated with STEMI?
ST elevation and Q waves.
What ECG changes are associated with NSTEMI?
ST depression and T wave changes.
What ECG changes are associated with unstable angina?
ST depression and T wave changes.
What is the characteristic murmur of Pulmonary Valve Stenosis?
High pitched systolic ejection murmur, maximal in the left second and third
interspaces, with an ejection click that decreases with inspiration.
How is a Ventricular Septal Defect murmur described?
Loud, harsh holosystolic murmur in the left third and fourth interspaces along the
sternum, often with a thrill.
What are the auscultation findings for Mitral Stenosis?
, Opening snap and localized low-pitched diastolic murmur, best heard at the apex in
the left lateral position.
What is the characteristic of Mitral Regurgitation murmur?
Pansystolic murmur maximal at the apex, radiating to the axilla and occasionally to
the base.
What is the murmur associated with Aortic Stenosis?
Harsh systolic murmur, sometimes with thrill along the left sternal border, often
radiating to the neck.
What is the characteristic murmur of Aortic Regurgitation?
Diastolic murmur along the left sternal border.
How is Tricuspid Stenosis murmur characterized?
Diastolic rumble along the lower left sternal border, which increases with inspiration.
What is the murmur associated with Tricuspid Regurgitation?
Holosystolic murmur along the left sternal border, increases with inspiration.
