SPCE 630
SPCE 630 FINAL EXAM PREP GRADED A+
visual analysis of graphed data - correct answer is the cornerstone of and most
frequently used data analysis method in SCD research, particularly for determining
whether a study demonstrates experimental control.
involves systematic procedures used to evaluate specific characteristics of data
patterns and evaluate the presence of a functional relation.
advantages of visual analysis - correct answer -can be used to evaluate data of
individuals or small groups depending on the unit of analysis specified in the
research question.
-data are collected repeatedly, graphed as they are collected, and analyzed
frequently
-focuses on analysis of individual data patterns
-discovery of potentially interesting findings that may not be directly related to
the original research question or program objective.
-graphic presentation of data permits independent analysis and interpretation of
results
,SPCE 630
formative visual analysis - correct answer conducted within and across conditions to
identify behavior change during the course of a study.
behavior change - correct answer occurs when data patterns in one condition are
different from data patterns in the subsequent, adjacent condition for the same
variable(s).
summative visual analysis - correct answer conducted following study completion,
across multiple opportunities to demonstrate behavior change to determine
whether a functional relation exists between the independent variable and the
dependent variable.
adjacent conditions - correct answer in SCD research, data patterns are examined
within and across adjacent conditions; when data in one condition differ from
what is predicted based on the preceding condition, behavior change is
demonstrated.
formative analysis is conducted in two steps - correct answer 1. within and across
adjacent condition analyses
2. systematic examination of specific data characteristics
within condition visual analyses - correct answer are conducted to discern patterns
within a single condition during a study. within condition visual analyses of level,
trend, and variability/stability are critical for determining when to change
conditions, deciding whether adaptations need to be made, and providing
information related to answering research questions.
beginning with the initial condition, typically baseline, you should look for stability
of data across a minimum of at least three to five sessions prior to changing
conditions.
, SPCE 630
condition change criteria - correct answer should be made a priori based on
hypothesized data patterns. these criteria will guide both formative and
summative decisions about experimental control.
level - correct answer refers to the amount of behavior that occurs, as indicated by
the ordinate scale value. the characteristic of highest interest for behavior change,
and is generally described as low, moderate, or high.
trend - correct answer the slope and direction of a data series or the direction data
are moving over time. three characteristics can be described: trend directions,
trend magnitude, and trend stability.
trend direction - correct answer referred to as accelerating, decelerating, or zero
celebrating. trend can further be characterized by magnitude, and is often
described as steep or gradual and paired with direction. also describe whether the
direction of a trend is improving (therapeutic) or deteriorating (contra-
therapeutic).
contra therapeutic trend - correct answer represents a common data pattern in SCD
data that might occur within a condition and particularly prior to the introduction
of the independent variable. this refers to trends that are in the opposite direction
of the hypothesized direction of improvement and can establish need for the
intervention.
variability - correct answer fluctuation from one data point to the next and is the
opposite of stability; in data with no trend, this can be summarized as the range of
data values within a condition or as the percentage of data points falling within a
given stability envelope
SPCE 630 FINAL EXAM PREP GRADED A+
visual analysis of graphed data - correct answer is the cornerstone of and most
frequently used data analysis method in SCD research, particularly for determining
whether a study demonstrates experimental control.
involves systematic procedures used to evaluate specific characteristics of data
patterns and evaluate the presence of a functional relation.
advantages of visual analysis - correct answer -can be used to evaluate data of
individuals or small groups depending on the unit of analysis specified in the
research question.
-data are collected repeatedly, graphed as they are collected, and analyzed
frequently
-focuses on analysis of individual data patterns
-discovery of potentially interesting findings that may not be directly related to
the original research question or program objective.
-graphic presentation of data permits independent analysis and interpretation of
results
,SPCE 630
formative visual analysis - correct answer conducted within and across conditions to
identify behavior change during the course of a study.
behavior change - correct answer occurs when data patterns in one condition are
different from data patterns in the subsequent, adjacent condition for the same
variable(s).
summative visual analysis - correct answer conducted following study completion,
across multiple opportunities to demonstrate behavior change to determine
whether a functional relation exists between the independent variable and the
dependent variable.
adjacent conditions - correct answer in SCD research, data patterns are examined
within and across adjacent conditions; when data in one condition differ from
what is predicted based on the preceding condition, behavior change is
demonstrated.
formative analysis is conducted in two steps - correct answer 1. within and across
adjacent condition analyses
2. systematic examination of specific data characteristics
within condition visual analyses - correct answer are conducted to discern patterns
within a single condition during a study. within condition visual analyses of level,
trend, and variability/stability are critical for determining when to change
conditions, deciding whether adaptations need to be made, and providing
information related to answering research questions.
beginning with the initial condition, typically baseline, you should look for stability
of data across a minimum of at least three to five sessions prior to changing
conditions.
, SPCE 630
condition change criteria - correct answer should be made a priori based on
hypothesized data patterns. these criteria will guide both formative and
summative decisions about experimental control.
level - correct answer refers to the amount of behavior that occurs, as indicated by
the ordinate scale value. the characteristic of highest interest for behavior change,
and is generally described as low, moderate, or high.
trend - correct answer the slope and direction of a data series or the direction data
are moving over time. three characteristics can be described: trend directions,
trend magnitude, and trend stability.
trend direction - correct answer referred to as accelerating, decelerating, or zero
celebrating. trend can further be characterized by magnitude, and is often
described as steep or gradual and paired with direction. also describe whether the
direction of a trend is improving (therapeutic) or deteriorating (contra-
therapeutic).
contra therapeutic trend - correct answer represents a common data pattern in SCD
data that might occur within a condition and particularly prior to the introduction
of the independent variable. this refers to trends that are in the opposite direction
of the hypothesized direction of improvement and can establish need for the
intervention.
variability - correct answer fluctuation from one data point to the next and is the
opposite of stability; in data with no trend, this can be summarized as the range of
data values within a condition or as the percentage of data points falling within a
given stability envelope
