Science at Advanced Level
(Optional)
Grade 9
2026-27
Academic Unit,
Central Board of Secondary Education
Integrated Office Complex, Sector-23, Phase - 1, Dwarka,
New Delhi - 110077
1
, Table of Contents
S. No. Chapters Pages
1. Measurement – Foundation of Science 4-8
2. Understanding Motion through Experience 9-14
Newton’s Laws of Motion 15-24
3.
The Geometry of Power – Advanced Simple 25-29
4.
Machines
Work and Energy 30-33
5.
Structure of Atom 34-41
6.
Chemical Bonding 42-48
7.
Mixtures and their Separation 49-53
8.
Microscope and Microscopy 54-69
9.
Engineering Life: Miracles in Biotechnology 69-86
10.
2
, Content Development Committee
Mr. Aishwary Meet, Physics Expert, Gaur International School, Noida
Ms. Alka Gupta, TGT Science, Mayoor School, Sector-126, Noida
Dr. Amit Sehgal, Professor, Hansraj College, University of Delhi
Dr. Anita Verma, Retired Professor, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi
Ms. Cenkush Sharma, TGT, Vandana International School, Dwarka, Delhi
Ms. Geetanjali Padhy, Biology Educator, Suncity School, Sector-54, Gurugram
Dr. Girish Choudahry, Retd. Associate Professor, Lady Irwin College,
University of Delhi
Professor K.K Arora, Professor, Zakir Husain College, University of Delhi
Ms. Mridula Arora, Head of School, Navayug School, Sarojini Nagar, New
Delhi
Ms. Pamila Marwaha, PGT Chemistry, Navayug School, Sarojini Nagar, New
Delhi
Dr. Renu Parashar, Professor, Hansraj College, University of Delhi
Dr. Sanjeev, Professor, IGNOU
Ms. Shivani Kaplish, TGT Science, Mayoor School, Sector-126, Noida
Ms. Varsha Krishnan, TGT, Bal Bharati Public School, Rohini, Delhi
3
, Measurement- The Foundation of Science
1.1 Introduction: What is Measurement?
Measurement is the process of comparing an unknown quantity with a known
standard quantity of the same kind. Physics is based on measurement. Whether
we measure the length of a classroom, the mass of a bag, or the time taken by a
runner, accurate measurement is essential
Examples
● A tailor measures cloth in meters.
● A doctor measures body temperature in degree Celsius.
● A shopkeeper measures rice in kilograms.
Without proper units, these measurements would have no meaning.
Activity 1.1 Measuring the area of the classroom floor
Materials: Take three sticks of length l1:l2:l3 = 1:2:3
Procedure:
1. Divide students in 3 groups and hand over one stick to each group.
2. Each group will measure the length and width of the classroom taking stick
as one unit.
Stick 1 Stick 2 Stick 3
Length of wall ……… units* ……… units ……… units
Breadth of wall ……… units ……… units ……… units
Area of floor ……… units2 ……… units2 ……… units2
*the unit refers to length of the stick used for measurement
3. Compare the length, breadth and area measured by different groups and try
to generate conclusions between unit chosen and numerical values
obtained by all the three groups.
This activity demonstrates that the numerical value of a quantity is inversely
proportional to the size of the unit used. Thus, when a larger unit (longer stick) is
used to measure the classroom floor, the numerical value obtained is smaller, and
4
(Optional)
Grade 9
2026-27
Academic Unit,
Central Board of Secondary Education
Integrated Office Complex, Sector-23, Phase - 1, Dwarka,
New Delhi - 110077
1
, Table of Contents
S. No. Chapters Pages
1. Measurement – Foundation of Science 4-8
2. Understanding Motion through Experience 9-14
Newton’s Laws of Motion 15-24
3.
The Geometry of Power – Advanced Simple 25-29
4.
Machines
Work and Energy 30-33
5.
Structure of Atom 34-41
6.
Chemical Bonding 42-48
7.
Mixtures and their Separation 49-53
8.
Microscope and Microscopy 54-69
9.
Engineering Life: Miracles in Biotechnology 69-86
10.
2
, Content Development Committee
Mr. Aishwary Meet, Physics Expert, Gaur International School, Noida
Ms. Alka Gupta, TGT Science, Mayoor School, Sector-126, Noida
Dr. Amit Sehgal, Professor, Hansraj College, University of Delhi
Dr. Anita Verma, Retired Professor, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi
Ms. Cenkush Sharma, TGT, Vandana International School, Dwarka, Delhi
Ms. Geetanjali Padhy, Biology Educator, Suncity School, Sector-54, Gurugram
Dr. Girish Choudahry, Retd. Associate Professor, Lady Irwin College,
University of Delhi
Professor K.K Arora, Professor, Zakir Husain College, University of Delhi
Ms. Mridula Arora, Head of School, Navayug School, Sarojini Nagar, New
Delhi
Ms. Pamila Marwaha, PGT Chemistry, Navayug School, Sarojini Nagar, New
Delhi
Dr. Renu Parashar, Professor, Hansraj College, University of Delhi
Dr. Sanjeev, Professor, IGNOU
Ms. Shivani Kaplish, TGT Science, Mayoor School, Sector-126, Noida
Ms. Varsha Krishnan, TGT, Bal Bharati Public School, Rohini, Delhi
3
, Measurement- The Foundation of Science
1.1 Introduction: What is Measurement?
Measurement is the process of comparing an unknown quantity with a known
standard quantity of the same kind. Physics is based on measurement. Whether
we measure the length of a classroom, the mass of a bag, or the time taken by a
runner, accurate measurement is essential
Examples
● A tailor measures cloth in meters.
● A doctor measures body temperature in degree Celsius.
● A shopkeeper measures rice in kilograms.
Without proper units, these measurements would have no meaning.
Activity 1.1 Measuring the area of the classroom floor
Materials: Take three sticks of length l1:l2:l3 = 1:2:3
Procedure:
1. Divide students in 3 groups and hand over one stick to each group.
2. Each group will measure the length and width of the classroom taking stick
as one unit.
Stick 1 Stick 2 Stick 3
Length of wall ……… units* ……… units ……… units
Breadth of wall ……… units ……… units ……… units
Area of floor ……… units2 ……… units2 ……… units2
*the unit refers to length of the stick used for measurement
3. Compare the length, breadth and area measured by different groups and try
to generate conclusions between unit chosen and numerical values
obtained by all the three groups.
This activity demonstrates that the numerical value of a quantity is inversely
proportional to the size of the unit used. Thus, when a larger unit (longer stick) is
used to measure the classroom floor, the numerical value obtained is smaller, and
4
