SCI 131 Final Exam V3 | SCI 131
Introduction to Nutrition | Q&A with
Rationale (SCI131 Final Exam) |
Nightingale College
1. A nurse is teaching a client about the energy content of macronutrients. How many
kilocalories per gram are provided by dietary fats?
A. 4 kcal/g
B. 9 kcal/g
C. 7 kcal/g
D. 11 kcal/g
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fats are the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kilocalories for
every gram consumed. In contrast, carbohydrates and proteins only provide 4 kilocalories
per gram. Understanding these values is essential for calculating total daily caloric intake
and managing weight-related goals.
2. Which of the following is considered a primary function of carbohydrates in the human
body?
A. Building muscle tissue
B. Acting as a catalyst for chemical reactions
,C. Transporting fat-soluble vitamins
D. Providing the primary source of fuel for the brain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred source of energy, particularly for the
central nervous system and brain function. When glucose is unavailable, the body may turn
to ketone bodies, but this is not the primary physiological preference. Maintaining
adequate carbohydrate intake ensures that protein is spared for tissue repair and growth
rather than being used for energy.
3. A client is diagnosed with a Vitamin C deficiency. Which condition is the nurse most likely
to observe in this patient?
A. Osteomalacia
B. Pellagra
C. Xerophthalmia
D. Scurvy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is vital for collagen synthesis and
wound healing. A severe deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums,
petechiae, and impaired wound healing. Pellagra is caused by a Niacin deficiency, while
Xerophthalmia relates to Vitamin A deficiency.
, 4. What is the physiological role of bile in the digestive process?
A. Digesting proteins into amino acids
B. Neutralizing stomach acid in the esophagus
C. Emulsifying large fat globules into smaller droplets
D. Breaking down complex carbohydrates into glucose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder before being released
into the small intestine. It acts as an emulsifier, breaking down large lipids into smaller
micelles to increase the surface area for lipase action. Without adequate bile, fat digestion
and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins are significantly impaired.
5. A patient with hypertension is advised to follow the DASH diet. Which food group is
emphasized to help lower blood pressure?
A. High-fat dairy products
B. Processed deli meats
C. Refined grains and white bread
D. Fruits and vegetables rich in potassium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes high
intakes of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy. These foods provide essential minerals like
Introduction to Nutrition | Q&A with
Rationale (SCI131 Final Exam) |
Nightingale College
1. A nurse is teaching a client about the energy content of macronutrients. How many
kilocalories per gram are provided by dietary fats?
A. 4 kcal/g
B. 9 kcal/g
C. 7 kcal/g
D. 11 kcal/g
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fats are the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kilocalories for
every gram consumed. In contrast, carbohydrates and proteins only provide 4 kilocalories
per gram. Understanding these values is essential for calculating total daily caloric intake
and managing weight-related goals.
2. Which of the following is considered a primary function of carbohydrates in the human
body?
A. Building muscle tissue
B. Acting as a catalyst for chemical reactions
,C. Transporting fat-soluble vitamins
D. Providing the primary source of fuel for the brain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred source of energy, particularly for the
central nervous system and brain function. When glucose is unavailable, the body may turn
to ketone bodies, but this is not the primary physiological preference. Maintaining
adequate carbohydrate intake ensures that protein is spared for tissue repair and growth
rather than being used for energy.
3. A client is diagnosed with a Vitamin C deficiency. Which condition is the nurse most likely
to observe in this patient?
A. Osteomalacia
B. Pellagra
C. Xerophthalmia
D. Scurvy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is vital for collagen synthesis and
wound healing. A severe deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums,
petechiae, and impaired wound healing. Pellagra is caused by a Niacin deficiency, while
Xerophthalmia relates to Vitamin A deficiency.
, 4. What is the physiological role of bile in the digestive process?
A. Digesting proteins into amino acids
B. Neutralizing stomach acid in the esophagus
C. Emulsifying large fat globules into smaller droplets
D. Breaking down complex carbohydrates into glucose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder before being released
into the small intestine. It acts as an emulsifier, breaking down large lipids into smaller
micelles to increase the surface area for lipase action. Without adequate bile, fat digestion
and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins are significantly impaired.
5. A patient with hypertension is advised to follow the DASH diet. Which food group is
emphasized to help lower blood pressure?
A. High-fat dairy products
B. Processed deli meats
C. Refined grains and white bread
D. Fruits and vegetables rich in potassium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes high
intakes of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy. These foods provide essential minerals like
