Samenvatting the Geo - VWO TTO 3 - Chapter 5 - Geo guides + Coursebook

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5.1‌‌Chicago:‌‌an‌‌American‌‌city‌ ‌
Chicago‌ ‌
- metropolis:‌‌‌A‌‌v ery‌‌large‌‌c ity‌‌that‌‌plays‌‌an‌‌important‌‌global‌‌role‌‌in‌‌terms‌‌of‌‌economy,‌ ‌
‌c ulture,‌‌and‌‌politics.‌‌Also‌‌c alled‌‌a‌‌global‌‌city‌ ‌
- Located‌‌on‌‌the‌‌s hore‌‌of‌‌Lake‌‌M ichigan‌‌(beaches,‌‌low‌‌dunes‌‌and‌‌‘sea’‌‌because‌‌y ou‌‌
can’t‌‌s ee‌‌the‌‌other‌‌s ide)‌ ‌
- 3th‌‌popular‌‌c ity‌‌in‌‌the‌‌US‌ ‌
- 2.9‌‌m illion‌‌residents‌ ‌
- 10‌‌m illion‌‌residents‌‌in‌‌the‌‌agglomeration:‌‌A‌‌c ity‌‌with‌‌it‌‌attached‌‌suburbs‌‌‌and‌‌
villages‌ ‌↓ ‌ ‌
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Agglomeration‌‌c onsists‌‌of‌‌3‌‌parts:‌ ‌
- city‌‌centre‌‌(downtown):‌‌O ffice,‌‌s hopping‌‌and‌‌entertainment‌‌district‌‌in‌‌a‌‌c ity.‌‌Also‌‌
called‌‌the‌‌central‌‌business‌‌district‌‌(CBD)‌ ‌
- central‌‌city:‌‌The‌‌m ost‌‌important‌‌c ity‌‌in‌‌the‌‌agglomeration‌ ‌
- suburbs:‌‌Spacious‌‌area‌‌outside‌‌a‌‌c ity‌‌with‌‌m any‌‌detached‌‌houses,‌‌garden‌‌and‌‌
parks‌ ‌
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Downtown‌‌Chicago‌ ‌
- Skyscrapers‌‌with‌‌offices,‌‌hotels‌‌and‌‌s hops‌ ‌
- All‌‌the‌‌s treets‌‌are‌‌long‌‌and‌‌wide,‌‌they‌‌are‌‌designed‌‌in‌‌the‌‌form‌‌of‌‌a‌‌grid‌ ‌
- Located‌‌in‌‌the‌‌loop:‌‌‌A‌‌c ircular‌‌railway‌‌that‌‌runs‌‌along‌‌a‌‌v iaduct‌‌above‌‌the‌‌c ity‌‌s treets‌ ‌
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Central‌‌c ity‌ ‌
- neighbourhoods‌‌in‌‌the‌‌north‌ ‌
- prosperous‌‌people‌‌live‌‌here‌ ‌
- Anglo-Americans‌:‌‌English-speaking‌‌americans‌‌who‌‌originally‌‌c ame‌ ‌
‌from‌‌Europe‌ ‌
- Neighbourhoods‌‌in‌‌the‌‌s outh‌‌and‌‌west‌ ‌
- poor‌‌people‌‌live‌‌here‌ ‌
- South‌:‌‌Afro-Americans:‌‌blacks,‌‌c ome‌‌from‌‌lower‌‌income‌‌groups‌ ‌
- West:‌‌Hispanics:‌‌Spanish-speaking‌‌immigrants‌‌from‌‌South-American‌ ‌
‌c ountries.‌‌Fastest‌‌growing‌‌population‌‌in‌‌the‌‌US.‌‌ ‌
Ethnic‌‌neighbourhood:‌‌Neighbourhoods‌‌where‌‌m ost‌‌of‌‌the‌‌residents‌‌belong‌‌to‌‌a‌‌s pecific‌ ‌
‌ethnic‌‌group‌ ‌
- In‌‌Chicago‌ ‌
- They‌‌are‌‌v ery‌‌large‌ ‌
- Rows‌‌of‌‌detached‌‌houses‌‌but‌‌lots‌‌of‌‌them‌‌are‌‌empty‌‌or‌‌old‌ ‌
- Scores‌‌for‌‌quality‌‌of‌‌life‌‌are‌‌low‌‌especially‌‌in‌‌the‌‌poorest‌‌
neighbourhoods‌‌the‌‌G hettos:‌‌Very‌‌poor‌‌ethnic‌‌neighbourhood‌ ‌
- Lot‌‌of‌‌unemployment‌ ‌
- Lack‌‌of‌‌s afety‌ ‌
- Unfit‌‌housing‌ ‌
- Some‌‌ethnic‌‌neighbourhood‌‌s core‌‌quite‌‌well‌ ‌
- Belong‌‌to‌‌m iddle‌‌c lass‌ ‌
- Have‌‌good‌‌jobs‌ ‌
- Educational‌‌qualifications‌ ‌
- Regular‌‌income‌ ‌


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Ring‌‌of‌‌s uburbs:‌ ‌
- Wealthier‌‌Chicagoans‌‌live‌‌here‌ ‌
- In‌‌the‌‌past‌‌m ore‌‌Anglo-Americans‌‌nowadays‌‌also‌‌other‌‌population‌‌groups‌ ‌
- Houses‌‌are‌‌m ore‌‌luxurious‌‌than‌‌in‌‌the‌‌c ity‌ ‌
- Housing‌‌density‌‌is‌‌low‌‌s o‌‌they‌‌are‌‌s pread‌‌across‌‌m any‌‌k ilometers‌ ‌
⤷‌‌Number‌‌of‌‌homes‌‌per‌‌s quare‌‌k ilometer‌ ‌
- This‌‌urban‌‌sprawl‌‌is‌‌m ainly‌‌because‌‌of‌‌an‌‌increase‌‌of‌‌mobility‌‌‌↴‌ ‌
‌↓ ‌ ‌M ovement‌‌of‌‌people‌‌and‌‌goods‌‌by‌‌a‌‌m ode‌‌of‌‌transport.‌ ‌
Large-scale‌‌expansion‌‌of‌‌s uburbs‌‌into‌‌the‌‌s urrounding‌‌c ountryside.‌ ‌
- edge‌‌cities:‌‌Suburban‌‌c entre‌‌that‌‌provides‌‌employment‌‌and‌‌s hopping‌‌facilities‌ ‌
- Local‌‌residents‌‌hardly‌‌ever‌‌go‌‌into‌‌the‌‌c entral‌‌c ity,‌‌they‌‌s pend‌‌their‌‌lives‌‌in‌‌the‌‌
suburbs‌ ‌




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G154:‌‌Ethnic‌‌neighborhoods7‌ ‌
Ethnic‌‌neighbourhood:‌‌‌A‌‌neighbourhood‌‌in‌‌which‌‌m ost‌‌residents‌‌belong‌‌to‌‌one‌‌particular‌ ‌
‌ethnic‌‌group.‌‌ ‌
- In‌‌American‌‌c ities‌‌there‌‌are‌‌Chinese,‌‌Polish,‌‌J ewish,‌‌Italian,‌‌Korean,‌‌M exican,‌‌Puerto‌‌
Rican,‌‌Irish‌‌and‌‌Afro-American‌‌neighbourhoods.‌‌ ‌
- In‌‌these‌‌neighbourhoods,‌‌people‌‌live‌‌by‌‌their‌‌own‌‌s tandards.‌ ‌
- There‌‌are‌‌three‌‌reasons‌‌why‌‌these‌‌ethcic‌‌neighbourhoods‌‌exist.‌ ‌
1. People‌‌from‌‌a‌‌particular‌‌ethnic‌‌group‌‌prefer‌‌to‌‌live‌‌near‌‌each‌‌other‌‌rather‌‌than‌‌
spread‌‌from‌‌one‌‌place‌‌to‌‌another.‌ ‌
2. Discrimination,‌‌people‌‌m ay‌‌not‌‌be‌‌accepted.‌ ‌
3. People‌‌who‌‌live‌‌in‌‌ethnic‌‌neighbourhoods‌‌are‌‌often‌‌c lassified‌‌as‌‌people‌‌with‌‌a‌‌
low‌‌income.‌‌Therefore,‌‌it‌‌is‌‌difficult‌‌to‌‌buy‌‌or‌‌rent‌‌a‌‌home‌‌in‌‌another‌‌area.‌ ‌
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G155:‌‌Ghetto‌ ‌
- The‌‌first‌‌ethnic‌‌neighbourhoods‌‌c ame‌‌into‌‌existence‌‌in‌‌1527‌‌in‌‌Venice.‌ ‌
- Ghetto:‌‌Very‌‌poor‌‌ethnic‌‌neighbourhood‌ ‌
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