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What is the location and function of the fundus? - ANSWER ✔✔The
dome-shape at the top of the uterus where uterine tubes enter the
uterus.
- Longitudinal fibers of the outer myometrial layer are found in the fundus
which assists in expelling the fetus during the birthing process
Menarche: - ANSWER ✔✔Onset of menses
Define Menstruation - ANSWER ✔✔Periodic shedding of uterine
lining due to hormones and absence of fertilization following ovulation
,How long is a normal menstruation cycle & what is the normal blood
loss? - ANSWER ✔✔Lasts 28 days +/- 2-5; 3-6 days of bleeding with
20-80ml of blood loss; little to no premenstrual symptoms
Common cause of a woman not having a menstrual cycle? -
ANSWER ✔✔Genetic abnormalities or HPO (hypothalamic-pituitary-
ovarian) irregularities (if patients are not eating, they need to have a
certain amount of fat)
Common cause of a woman having irregular menstrual cycles? -
ANSWER ✔✔Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome PCOS is most common
another term for delayed menarche - ANSWER ✔✔Early (precocious
puberty)
What are some "exaggerated symptoms" related to menstrual cycle? -
ANSWER ✔✔o Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual
dysphoric syndrome
o Abnormal variations in pain, amount, or frequency of bleeding
- Dysmenorrhea, Metrorrhagia or Menorrhagia
o Abnormal uterine bleeding
Which hormone is released from the hypothalamus? - ANSWER
✔✔Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
,Which two hormones are released from the anterior pituitary? -
ANSWER ✔✔Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing
Hormone (LH)
Which hormone is released primarily from the ovary? - ANSWER
✔✔Estrogen
Which hormone is released by the corpus luteum? - ANSWER
✔✔Progesterone
What are the three menstrual cycle phases? - ANSWER ✔✔1. HPO
Cycle (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian)
2. Ovarian cycle
3. Endometrial cycle
What does the HPO cycle do? - ANSWER ✔✔Allows for hormonal
positive and negative feedback loops
What are the two phases & functions of the Ovarian cycle? -
ANSWER ✔✔a. Ovulation: Occurs halfway through the cycle
- Separates follicular and luteal subphases
b. Corpus Luteum: Temporary organ development in luteal phase from
ruptured follicle each month
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, - If implantation occurs, corpus luteum remains and produces estrogen
& progesterone
- If no implantation, then disintegrates » drop in hormones »
menstruation
What are the 4 phases and functions of the Endometrial cycle? -
ANSWER ✔✔o Menstrual: bleeding, shedding of the endometrium
o Proliferative: building up, endometrial surface restored
o Secretory: endometrium reaches thickness and becomes a suitable
protective bed for a fertilized ovum
o Ischemic: blood supply is blocked and necrosis developed
In a 28 day cycle, when does ovulation occur? - ANSWER ✔✔day 14
How many long can sperm live up to? - ANSWER ✔✔5 days
How long can eggs live up to? - ANSWER ✔✔24 hours
When throughout the menstrual cycle does a woman's basal body
temperature increase?
How much does it increase? - ANSWER ✔✔BBT increases AFTER
ovulation
increases 0.5-1 degrees