NUR 112 EXAM 1 & EXAM 2 COMPLETE TEST BANK |FOUNDATIONS
OF NURSING PRACTICE/PATIENT CARE & MEDICAL-SURGICAL
FOUNDATIONS |300 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES | GRADED A+
NUR 112 EXAM 1: FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE
SECTION A: PROFESSIONALISM & NURSING HISTORY (Questions 1-20)
Q1. Who is recognized as the founder of modern nursing?
A) Clara Barton
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Mary Seacole
Answer: B) Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing.
She established the first nursing school, improved sanitation during the
Crimean War, and developed the environmental theory of nursing. Her work
transformed nursing from a domestic service to a respected profession.
Q2. The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines nursing as:
A) The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential
health problems
B) The administration of medications and treatments ordered by physicians
C) The provision of comfort and care to the sick and injured
D) The science of caring for the ill in hospital settings
Answer: A) The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or
potential health problems
Rationale: The ANA's definition emphasizes that nursing encompasses the
diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health problems, not just the
execution of medical orders. This definition highlights the independent scope
of nursing practice.
1
,Q3. Which ethical principle requires the nurse to do good and act in the
patient's best interest?
A) Autonomy
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Beneficence
D) Justice
Answer: C) Beneficence
Rationale: Beneficence is the ethical duty to do good and promote the
well-being of patients. Nonmaleficence means "do no harm." Autonomy respects
patient decision-making. Justice relates to fair distribution of resources.
Q4. A nurse who respects a patient's right to refuse a blood transfusion is
demonstrating which ethical principle?
A) Beneficence
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Autonomy
D) Justice
Answer: C) Autonomy
Rationale: Autonomy recognizes the patient's right to make their own healthcare
decisions, even when those decisions conflict with the healthcare provider's
recommendations. Respecting patient autonomy is a cornerstone of ethical
nursing practice.
Q5. The nurse practices according to the standards of care established by
which organization?
A) The Joint Commission
B) American Nurses Association (ANA)
C) National League for Nursing (NLN)
D) State Board of Nursing
Answer: B) American Nurses Association (ANA)
Rationale: The ANA establishes the scope and standards of nursing practice,
which define the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable. These
standards guide professional nursing practice and serve as the basis for
2
,evaluating care.
Q6. Which of the following is a component of the NLN competencies for
graduates?
A) Medical Diagnosis
B) Nursing Judgment
C) Pharmacological Intervention
D) Surgical Assistance
Answer: B) Nursing Judgment
Rationale: The NLN competencies for graduates include: Human Flourishing,
Nursing Judgment, Professional Identity, and Spirit of Inquiry. These
competencies prepare nurses to think critically and provide holistic care.
Q7. The nurse is caring for a client who is a Jehovah's Witness and refuses
a blood transfusion. The nurse's best action is to:
A) Administer the transfusion because it is medically necessary
B) Respect the client's religious beliefs and seek alternative treatments
C) Ask the family to convince the client to accept the transfusion
D) Document the refusal and continue with the transfusion
Answer: B) Respect the client's religious beliefs and seek alternative
treatments
Rationale: Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions based on religious
beliefs. The nurse must respect the client's autonomy and work with the
healthcare team to find alternative treatments. Forcing treatment against
a patient's wishes constitutes battery.
Q8. A nurse is caring for a patient who is about to undergo a procedure. The
patient asks, "Why do I need to sign this consent form?" The nurse's best
response is:
A) "It's just a hospital policy. You don't need to worry about it."
B) "The hospital needs to protect itself in case something goes wrong."
C) "The purpose is to confirm that you understand the procedure, its risks,
and benefits, and that you agree to it."
3
, D) "You should ask your doctor. I can't really explain it."
Answer: C) "The purpose is to confirm that you understand the procedure, its
risks, and benefits, and that you agree to it."
Rationale: Informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement. The nurse's
role is to ensure the patient understands the information provided by the
physician and has had the opportunity to ask questions. The nurse may witness
the signing but does not explain the procedure in place of the physician.
Q9. Which of the following is an example of a nurse practicing within the
scope of nursing practice?
A) Prescribing medication for a patient
B) Performing a surgical incision
C) Administering a prescribed medication
D) Diagnosing a medical condition
Answer: C) Administering a prescribed medication
Rationale: Medication administration is a standard nursing function within the
scope of practice. Prescribing, diagnosing, and performing surgery are beyond
the scope of nursing practice and are the responsibility of physicians or
advanced practice providers.
Q10. The nurse is preparing to delegate a task to an unlicensed assistive
personnel (UAP). Which task can the nurse safely delegate?
A) Administering oral medications
B) Assessing a patient's lung sounds
C) Assisting a patient with ambulation
D) Creating a patient care plan
Answer: C) Assisting a patient with ambulation
Rationale: Tasks that are routine, predictable, and do not require nursing
judgment can be delegated to UAPs. Assisting with ambulation is appropriate.
Assessment, medication administration, and care planning require nursing
judgment and cannot be delegated.
Q11. The Five Rights of Delegation include:
4
OF NURSING PRACTICE/PATIENT CARE & MEDICAL-SURGICAL
FOUNDATIONS |300 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES | GRADED A+
NUR 112 EXAM 1: FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE
SECTION A: PROFESSIONALISM & NURSING HISTORY (Questions 1-20)
Q1. Who is recognized as the founder of modern nursing?
A) Clara Barton
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Mary Seacole
Answer: B) Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing.
She established the first nursing school, improved sanitation during the
Crimean War, and developed the environmental theory of nursing. Her work
transformed nursing from a domestic service to a respected profession.
Q2. The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines nursing as:
A) The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential
health problems
B) The administration of medications and treatments ordered by physicians
C) The provision of comfort and care to the sick and injured
D) The science of caring for the ill in hospital settings
Answer: A) The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or
potential health problems
Rationale: The ANA's definition emphasizes that nursing encompasses the
diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health problems, not just the
execution of medical orders. This definition highlights the independent scope
of nursing practice.
1
,Q3. Which ethical principle requires the nurse to do good and act in the
patient's best interest?
A) Autonomy
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Beneficence
D) Justice
Answer: C) Beneficence
Rationale: Beneficence is the ethical duty to do good and promote the
well-being of patients. Nonmaleficence means "do no harm." Autonomy respects
patient decision-making. Justice relates to fair distribution of resources.
Q4. A nurse who respects a patient's right to refuse a blood transfusion is
demonstrating which ethical principle?
A) Beneficence
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Autonomy
D) Justice
Answer: C) Autonomy
Rationale: Autonomy recognizes the patient's right to make their own healthcare
decisions, even when those decisions conflict with the healthcare provider's
recommendations. Respecting patient autonomy is a cornerstone of ethical
nursing practice.
Q5. The nurse practices according to the standards of care established by
which organization?
A) The Joint Commission
B) American Nurses Association (ANA)
C) National League for Nursing (NLN)
D) State Board of Nursing
Answer: B) American Nurses Association (ANA)
Rationale: The ANA establishes the scope and standards of nursing practice,
which define the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable. These
standards guide professional nursing practice and serve as the basis for
2
,evaluating care.
Q6. Which of the following is a component of the NLN competencies for
graduates?
A) Medical Diagnosis
B) Nursing Judgment
C) Pharmacological Intervention
D) Surgical Assistance
Answer: B) Nursing Judgment
Rationale: The NLN competencies for graduates include: Human Flourishing,
Nursing Judgment, Professional Identity, and Spirit of Inquiry. These
competencies prepare nurses to think critically and provide holistic care.
Q7. The nurse is caring for a client who is a Jehovah's Witness and refuses
a blood transfusion. The nurse's best action is to:
A) Administer the transfusion because it is medically necessary
B) Respect the client's religious beliefs and seek alternative treatments
C) Ask the family to convince the client to accept the transfusion
D) Document the refusal and continue with the transfusion
Answer: B) Respect the client's religious beliefs and seek alternative
treatments
Rationale: Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions based on religious
beliefs. The nurse must respect the client's autonomy and work with the
healthcare team to find alternative treatments. Forcing treatment against
a patient's wishes constitutes battery.
Q8. A nurse is caring for a patient who is about to undergo a procedure. The
patient asks, "Why do I need to sign this consent form?" The nurse's best
response is:
A) "It's just a hospital policy. You don't need to worry about it."
B) "The hospital needs to protect itself in case something goes wrong."
C) "The purpose is to confirm that you understand the procedure, its risks,
and benefits, and that you agree to it."
3
, D) "You should ask your doctor. I can't really explain it."
Answer: C) "The purpose is to confirm that you understand the procedure, its
risks, and benefits, and that you agree to it."
Rationale: Informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement. The nurse's
role is to ensure the patient understands the information provided by the
physician and has had the opportunity to ask questions. The nurse may witness
the signing but does not explain the procedure in place of the physician.
Q9. Which of the following is an example of a nurse practicing within the
scope of nursing practice?
A) Prescribing medication for a patient
B) Performing a surgical incision
C) Administering a prescribed medication
D) Diagnosing a medical condition
Answer: C) Administering a prescribed medication
Rationale: Medication administration is a standard nursing function within the
scope of practice. Prescribing, diagnosing, and performing surgery are beyond
the scope of nursing practice and are the responsibility of physicians or
advanced practice providers.
Q10. The nurse is preparing to delegate a task to an unlicensed assistive
personnel (UAP). Which task can the nurse safely delegate?
A) Administering oral medications
B) Assessing a patient's lung sounds
C) Assisting a patient with ambulation
D) Creating a patient care plan
Answer: C) Assisting a patient with ambulation
Rationale: Tasks that are routine, predictable, and do not require nursing
judgment can be delegated to UAPs. Assisting with ambulation is appropriate.
Assessment, medication administration, and care planning require nursing
judgment and cannot be delegated.
Q11. The Five Rights of Delegation include:
4
