BIOD 121 Final Exam: Foundations of Nutrition and
Human Metabolism: Questions & Answers
1. Which component of the ABCDE nutritional assessment involves
measuring a person’s height, weight, and body circumference?
o A) Biochemical
o B) Clinical
o C) Anthropometric
o D) Environmental
o Answer: C. Anthropometrics involve physical measurements of body
composition.
o Rationale: This assessment uses physical measurements like weight,
height, and skinfold thickness to evaluate nutritional status.
2. Which of the following is an inorganic micronutrient?
o A) Carbohydrates
o B) Vitamins
o C) Minerals
o D) Proteins
o Answer: C. Minerals are simple inorganic substances.
o Rationale: Unlike carbohydrates and vitamins, minerals do not
contain carbon and are needed in smaller quantities compared to
macronutrients.
3. How many kilocalories (kcal) are provided per gram of fat?
o A) 4 kcal/g
o B) 7 kcal/g
, o C) 9 kcal/g
o D) 10 kcal/g
o Answer: C. Fats yield 9 kcal per gram.
o Rationale: Fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing
more than double the energy of carbohydrates or proteins per gram.
4. Which hormone is produced by the stomach to stimulate the hunger
center and deactivate the satiety center?
o A) Leptin
o B) Ghrelin
o C) Insulin
o D) CCK
o Answer: B. Ghrelin is produced by the stomach and increases the
desire to eat.
o Rationale: Ghrelin travels to the brain to signal the body to find and
consume food.
5. What is the definition of "nutrient-dense" foods?
o A) Foods high in calories but low in vitamins.
o B) Foods containing high amounts of vitamins and minerals
compared to their calorie content.
o C) Foods that contain only macronutrients.
o D) Processed foods with added sugars.
o Answer: B. Nutrient-dense foods provide high nutritional value
relative to their energy.
o Rationale: These foods, such as fruits and vegetables, help the body
fuel itself efficiently without excess empty calories.
, 6. The "apple" body shape, characterized by abdominal fat storage, is known
as:
o A) Gynoid obesity
o B) Android obesity
o C) Subcutaneous obesity
o D) Peripheral obesity
o Answer: B. Android obesity is defined as upper-body or "apple-
shaped" obesity.
o Rationale: This shape is associated with higher health risks because
abdominal fat interferes with the liver's ability to use insulin.
7. Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?
o A) Primary site of nutrient absorption
o B) Bile storage
o C) Reabsorption of water and formation of feces
o D) Production of digestive enzymes
o Answer: C. The large intestine absorbs water and minerals not
digested earlier.
o Rationale: It is essential for forming fecal material and housing
beneficial bacteria.
8. Which organ produces bile?
o A) Gallbladder
o B) Pancreas
o C) Liver
o D) Stomach
o Answer: C. The liver secretes bile.
Human Metabolism: Questions & Answers
1. Which component of the ABCDE nutritional assessment involves
measuring a person’s height, weight, and body circumference?
o A) Biochemical
o B) Clinical
o C) Anthropometric
o D) Environmental
o Answer: C. Anthropometrics involve physical measurements of body
composition.
o Rationale: This assessment uses physical measurements like weight,
height, and skinfold thickness to evaluate nutritional status.
2. Which of the following is an inorganic micronutrient?
o A) Carbohydrates
o B) Vitamins
o C) Minerals
o D) Proteins
o Answer: C. Minerals are simple inorganic substances.
o Rationale: Unlike carbohydrates and vitamins, minerals do not
contain carbon and are needed in smaller quantities compared to
macronutrients.
3. How many kilocalories (kcal) are provided per gram of fat?
o A) 4 kcal/g
o B) 7 kcal/g
, o C) 9 kcal/g
o D) 10 kcal/g
o Answer: C. Fats yield 9 kcal per gram.
o Rationale: Fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing
more than double the energy of carbohydrates or proteins per gram.
4. Which hormone is produced by the stomach to stimulate the hunger
center and deactivate the satiety center?
o A) Leptin
o B) Ghrelin
o C) Insulin
o D) CCK
o Answer: B. Ghrelin is produced by the stomach and increases the
desire to eat.
o Rationale: Ghrelin travels to the brain to signal the body to find and
consume food.
5. What is the definition of "nutrient-dense" foods?
o A) Foods high in calories but low in vitamins.
o B) Foods containing high amounts of vitamins and minerals
compared to their calorie content.
o C) Foods that contain only macronutrients.
o D) Processed foods with added sugars.
o Answer: B. Nutrient-dense foods provide high nutritional value
relative to their energy.
o Rationale: These foods, such as fruits and vegetables, help the body
fuel itself efficiently without excess empty calories.
, 6. The "apple" body shape, characterized by abdominal fat storage, is known
as:
o A) Gynoid obesity
o B) Android obesity
o C) Subcutaneous obesity
o D) Peripheral obesity
o Answer: B. Android obesity is defined as upper-body or "apple-
shaped" obesity.
o Rationale: This shape is associated with higher health risks because
abdominal fat interferes with the liver's ability to use insulin.
7. Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?
o A) Primary site of nutrient absorption
o B) Bile storage
o C) Reabsorption of water and formation of feces
o D) Production of digestive enzymes
o Answer: C. The large intestine absorbs water and minerals not
digested earlier.
o Rationale: It is essential for forming fecal material and housing
beneficial bacteria.
8. Which organ produces bile?
o A) Gallbladder
o B) Pancreas
o C) Liver
o D) Stomach
o Answer: C. The liver secretes bile.
