1. Define the following terms:
o Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being,
not merely the absence of disease.
o Wellness: The active process of making choices toward a healthy and
fulfilling life.
o Illness: A state of being unhealthy due to disease or bodily
dysfunction.
o Disease: An abnormal condition that negatively affects the body.
o Sickness: The external and social experience of having an illness or
disease.
o Dysfunction: Impairment or abnormal functioning of an organ,
system, or process.
o Homeostasis: The body's ability to maintain stable internal
conditions despite external changes.
o Health promotion: Activities and behaviors that improve health and
prevent disease.
2. Identify and describe the stages of illness:
o Transition: The initial stage when symptoms appear.
o Acceptance: The stage when the illness is acknowledged, and
treatment is sought.
o Convalescence: The recovery period when health is gradually
restored.
3. Compare the various models of the concept of health.
o Dunn’s Health-Illness Continuum: A model that views health as a
fluctuating state influenced by lifestyle and environment.
o Consumer concept of health and illness: Focuses on personal
responsibility for health maintenance and wellness.
o Holistic approach to health and illness: Considers physical,
emotional, social, and spiritual well-being in health care.
4. How does culture influence health and illness?
o Culture affects health beliefs, behaviors, and treatment preferences.
5. How do individuals with varying degrees of health each experience
high-level wellness?
, o They engage in health-promoting behaviors tailored to their
capabilities and conditions.
6. What variables affect health and illness?
o Genetics, lifestyle, environment, socioeconomic status, and access to
healthcare.
7. Describe each level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
o Physiological: Basic survival needs like food, water, and air.
o Security and belonging: Safety, stability, and relationships.
o Self-esteem and love: Confidence and feeling valued.
o Self-actualization: Achieving personal potential and fulfillment.
8. What does PNS do? What does SNS do?
o PNS promotes rest and digestion; SNS prepares the body for stress
and action.
9. Define General Adaptation Syndrome:
o Alarm stage: Immediate reaction to stress.
o Stage of resistance: The body attempts to adapt to stress.
o Stage of exhaustion: Prolonged stress depletes bodily resources.
10.Discuss the effects of stress.
Stress can cause physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms, affecting
overall health.
11.List ways a nurse can provide emotional support to the patient.
Active listening, empathy, reassurance, and encouragement.
12.List defense mechanisms.
Denial, repression, rationalization, displacement, projection, and
sublimation.
13.Define and provide examples of the different levels of disease
prevention:
Primary: Prevents disease (e.g., vaccinations).
Secondary: Early detection (e.g., screenings).
Tertiary: Reduces impact (e.g., rehabilitation).
Unit 2
1. Describe proper hand washing technique.
o Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being,
not merely the absence of disease.
o Wellness: The active process of making choices toward a healthy and
fulfilling life.
o Illness: A state of being unhealthy due to disease or bodily
dysfunction.
o Disease: An abnormal condition that negatively affects the body.
o Sickness: The external and social experience of having an illness or
disease.
o Dysfunction: Impairment or abnormal functioning of an organ,
system, or process.
o Homeostasis: The body's ability to maintain stable internal
conditions despite external changes.
o Health promotion: Activities and behaviors that improve health and
prevent disease.
2. Identify and describe the stages of illness:
o Transition: The initial stage when symptoms appear.
o Acceptance: The stage when the illness is acknowledged, and
treatment is sought.
o Convalescence: The recovery period when health is gradually
restored.
3. Compare the various models of the concept of health.
o Dunn’s Health-Illness Continuum: A model that views health as a
fluctuating state influenced by lifestyle and environment.
o Consumer concept of health and illness: Focuses on personal
responsibility for health maintenance and wellness.
o Holistic approach to health and illness: Considers physical,
emotional, social, and spiritual well-being in health care.
4. How does culture influence health and illness?
o Culture affects health beliefs, behaviors, and treatment preferences.
5. How do individuals with varying degrees of health each experience
high-level wellness?
, o They engage in health-promoting behaviors tailored to their
capabilities and conditions.
6. What variables affect health and illness?
o Genetics, lifestyle, environment, socioeconomic status, and access to
healthcare.
7. Describe each level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
o Physiological: Basic survival needs like food, water, and air.
o Security and belonging: Safety, stability, and relationships.
o Self-esteem and love: Confidence and feeling valued.
o Self-actualization: Achieving personal potential and fulfillment.
8. What does PNS do? What does SNS do?
o PNS promotes rest and digestion; SNS prepares the body for stress
and action.
9. Define General Adaptation Syndrome:
o Alarm stage: Immediate reaction to stress.
o Stage of resistance: The body attempts to adapt to stress.
o Stage of exhaustion: Prolonged stress depletes bodily resources.
10.Discuss the effects of stress.
Stress can cause physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms, affecting
overall health.
11.List ways a nurse can provide emotional support to the patient.
Active listening, empathy, reassurance, and encouragement.
12.List defense mechanisms.
Denial, repression, rationalization, displacement, projection, and
sublimation.
13.Define and provide examples of the different levels of disease
prevention:
Primary: Prevents disease (e.g., vaccinations).
Secondary: Early detection (e.g., screenings).
Tertiary: Reduces impact (e.g., rehabilitation).
Unit 2
1. Describe proper hand washing technique.
