Saylor Academy PSYCH101 Final Exam – Questions 1-
150 with 100% Correct Answers
1. Eugenics is defined as:
A) The study of human evolution
B) The science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the
occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics
C) The study of genetic mutations
D) The science of human behavior
*B) The science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to
increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics *
Rationale: Eugenics was developed largely by Francis Galton as a method of improving the
human race, but fell into disfavor after the perversion of its doctrines by the Nazis .
2. Who is credited with developing the concept of "fight or flight"?
A) William James
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Walter Cannon
D) B.F. Skinner
*C) Walter Cannon *
Rationale: Walter Cannon is credited with developing the "fight or flight" response
concept, which describes the body's physiological reaction to perceived threats .
3. Who conducted the famous conformity experiment that required subjects to
match lines?
A) Stanley Milgram
B) Solomon Asch
,C) Philip Zimbardo
D) Muzafer Sherif
*B) Solomon Asch *
Rationale: Solomon Asch conducted the famous conformity experiment that required
subjects to match lines. Participants often gave incorrect answers just to conform with the
group .
4. What is the phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-
origin-specific manner?
A) Eugenics
B) Genomic imprinting
C) Developmental noise
D) Epigenetics
*B) Genomic imprinting *
Rationale: Genomic imprinting is a phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a
parent-of-origin-specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father is imprinted, it is
silenced, and only the allele from the mother is expressed .
5. The development of the first psychology research laboratory is usually credited
to:
A) William James
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) John B. Watson
*C) Wilhelm Wundt *
Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology research laboratory, marking
psychology's emergence as an independent scientific discipline .
,6. Which school of thought explains mental states and behaviors by the ways they
help an organism fit an environment?
A) Structuralism
B) Functionalism
C) Behaviorism
D) Psychoanalysis
*B) Functionalism *
Rationale: Functionalism, promoted by William James and influenced by Darwin, explores
how mental and behavioral processes function and how they enable organisms to adapt,
survive, and flourish .
7. Which school of thought patently rejects the notion of introspection?
A) Structuralism
B) Functionalism
C) Behaviorism
D) Psychoanalysis
*C) Behaviorism *
Rationale: Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior and rejects introspection as a valid
scientific method for studying psychology .
8. What famous psychologist decided nearly 100 years ago that psychology should
be defined as the scientific study of behavior?
A) Wundt
B) James
C) Watson
D) Skinner
*C) Watson *
Rationale: John B. Watson is credited with redefining psychology as the scientific study of
behavior, shifting focus away from consciousness and introspection .
, 9. What is a hypothesis?
A) A broad explanation for a phenomenon
B) A specific prediction that guides research
C) A proven fact
D) An untestable theory
*B) A specific prediction that guides research *
Rationale: A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction that guides research and is based
on theory or previous observations .
10. What essential feature distinguishes a pure experiment from other types of
studies?
A) Large sample size
B) Longitudinal design
C) A study in which an independent variable is intentionally manipulated
D) Use of surveys
*C) A study in which an independent variable is intentionally manipulated *
Rationale: A pure experiment requires: 1) a control group and experimental group, 2) a
researcher-manipulated variable, and 3) random assignment. These criteria allow for
establishing cause-and-effect relationships .
11. Which correlation coefficient represents the strongest correlation?
A) 0.25
B) -0.45
C) 0.60
D) -0.85
*D) -0.85 *
150 with 100% Correct Answers
1. Eugenics is defined as:
A) The study of human evolution
B) The science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the
occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics
C) The study of genetic mutations
D) The science of human behavior
*B) The science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to
increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics *
Rationale: Eugenics was developed largely by Francis Galton as a method of improving the
human race, but fell into disfavor after the perversion of its doctrines by the Nazis .
2. Who is credited with developing the concept of "fight or flight"?
A) William James
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Walter Cannon
D) B.F. Skinner
*C) Walter Cannon *
Rationale: Walter Cannon is credited with developing the "fight or flight" response
concept, which describes the body's physiological reaction to perceived threats .
3. Who conducted the famous conformity experiment that required subjects to
match lines?
A) Stanley Milgram
B) Solomon Asch
,C) Philip Zimbardo
D) Muzafer Sherif
*B) Solomon Asch *
Rationale: Solomon Asch conducted the famous conformity experiment that required
subjects to match lines. Participants often gave incorrect answers just to conform with the
group .
4. What is the phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-
origin-specific manner?
A) Eugenics
B) Genomic imprinting
C) Developmental noise
D) Epigenetics
*B) Genomic imprinting *
Rationale: Genomic imprinting is a phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a
parent-of-origin-specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father is imprinted, it is
silenced, and only the allele from the mother is expressed .
5. The development of the first psychology research laboratory is usually credited
to:
A) William James
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) John B. Watson
*C) Wilhelm Wundt *
Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology research laboratory, marking
psychology's emergence as an independent scientific discipline .
,6. Which school of thought explains mental states and behaviors by the ways they
help an organism fit an environment?
A) Structuralism
B) Functionalism
C) Behaviorism
D) Psychoanalysis
*B) Functionalism *
Rationale: Functionalism, promoted by William James and influenced by Darwin, explores
how mental and behavioral processes function and how they enable organisms to adapt,
survive, and flourish .
7. Which school of thought patently rejects the notion of introspection?
A) Structuralism
B) Functionalism
C) Behaviorism
D) Psychoanalysis
*C) Behaviorism *
Rationale: Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior and rejects introspection as a valid
scientific method for studying psychology .
8. What famous psychologist decided nearly 100 years ago that psychology should
be defined as the scientific study of behavior?
A) Wundt
B) James
C) Watson
D) Skinner
*C) Watson *
Rationale: John B. Watson is credited with redefining psychology as the scientific study of
behavior, shifting focus away from consciousness and introspection .
, 9. What is a hypothesis?
A) A broad explanation for a phenomenon
B) A specific prediction that guides research
C) A proven fact
D) An untestable theory
*B) A specific prediction that guides research *
Rationale: A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction that guides research and is based
on theory or previous observations .
10. What essential feature distinguishes a pure experiment from other types of
studies?
A) Large sample size
B) Longitudinal design
C) A study in which an independent variable is intentionally manipulated
D) Use of surveys
*C) A study in which an independent variable is intentionally manipulated *
Rationale: A pure experiment requires: 1) a control group and experimental group, 2) a
researcher-manipulated variable, and 3) random assignment. These criteria allow for
establishing cause-and-effect relationships .
11. Which correlation coefficient represents the strongest correlation?
A) 0.25
B) -0.45
C) 0.60
D) -0.85
*D) -0.85 *
