,NSG4800/NSG 4800 Exam 1 | Transition to Professional
Nursing Practice | Galen College | Q & A | 2026/2027 Edition
(PDF)
1. Which nursing theorist developed the Self-Care Deficit Theory, emphasizing the patient's ability to
perform self-care activities?
A) Sister Callista Roy
B) Dorothea Orem
C) Madeleine Leininger
D) Jean Watson
Correct Answer: Dorothea Orem
Rationale: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory identifies when nursing is needed—when a patient cannot
meet their own self-care demands. Roy (A) developed the Adaptation Model. Leininger (C) developed
the Theory of Culture Care. Watson (D) developed the Theory of Human Caring.
2. According to Lewin's Change Model, which sequence correctly describes the three stages of the
change process?
A) Refreezing → Moving → Unfreezing
B) Unfreezing → Moving → Refreezing
C) Moving → Unfreezing → Refreezing
D) Unfreezing → Refreezing → Moving
Correct Answer: Unfreezing → Moving → Refreezing
Rationale: Lewin's Change Model consists of three stages: (1) Unfreezing—preparing the organization
for change by breaking down existing mindsets; (2) Moving—implementing the actual change; (3)
Refreezing—stabilizing the change and integrating it into the organizational culture.
3. A nurse manager observes that staff morale is low and nurses are leaving the unit at high rates. Which
leadership action would BEST address this situation?
,A) Implement strict disciplinary policies to improve performance
B) Conduct staff surveys and hold regular meetings to identify and address concerns
C) Increase patient assignments to keep staff busy
D) Ignore the situation and allow it to resolve naturally
Correct Answer: Conduct staff surveys and hold regular meetings to identify and address concerns
Rationale: A transformational leader identifies problems through open communication and collaborative
problem-solving. Conducting surveys and holding meetings allows the manager to understand root
causes of low morale and high turnover, then implement targeted solutions. Strict policies and ignoring
the problem are counterproductive.
4. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which level of need must be met before staff can be
motivated by professional growth opportunities?
A) Physiological needs
B) Safety needs
C) Love and belonging needs
D) Esteem needs
Correct Answer: Esteem needs
Rationale: Maslow's Hierarchy identifies five levels: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and
self-actualization. Lower-level needs must be met before staff can be motivated by higher-level factors
like professional growth (self-actualization). Esteem needs must be met before self-actualization can be
pursued.
5. A hospital is implementing a quality improvement initiative to reduce catheter-associated urinary
tract infections (CAUTIs). Which intervention is MOST evidence-based?
A) Changing urinary catheters every 24 hours
B) Removing urinary catheters as soon as they are no longer clinically indicated
C) Using catheters routinely for all immobile patients
D) Irrigating catheters with normal saline daily
, Correct Answer: Removing urinary catheters as soon as they are no longer clinically indicated
Rationale: Evidence-based practice for CAUTI prevention includes removing urinary catheters as soon as
they are no longer clinically indicated. Routine catheter changes and irrigations are not recommended,
and catheters should only be used when necessary.
6. A nurse leader is using situational leadership with a novice nurse who has low competence but high
commitment. Which leadership style is most appropriate?
A) Delegating (low directive, low supportive)
B) Telling (high directive, low supportive)
C) Selling (high directive, high supportive)
D) Participating (low directive, high supportive)
Correct Answer: Telling (high directive, low supportive)
Rationale: Situational leadership theory suggests that a novice nurse with low competence but high
commitment requires a telling style (high directive, low supportive). The leader provides clear
instructions and supervision. Delegating is for high competence, high commitment.
7. A patient who refuses a vaccine is told by the nurse, "If you don't take this vaccine, I will restrain you
and give it anyway." This is an example of:
A) Assault
B) Battery
C) Negligence
D) Malpractice
Correct Answer: Assault
Rationale: Assault occurs when a person puts another person in fear of a harmful or offensive contact
(threatening). Battery is the actual harmful or offensive contact. The nurse's threat constitutes assault,
while actually administering the vaccine against the patient's will would be battery.
Nursing Practice | Galen College | Q & A | 2026/2027 Edition
(PDF)
1. Which nursing theorist developed the Self-Care Deficit Theory, emphasizing the patient's ability to
perform self-care activities?
A) Sister Callista Roy
B) Dorothea Orem
C) Madeleine Leininger
D) Jean Watson
Correct Answer: Dorothea Orem
Rationale: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory identifies when nursing is needed—when a patient cannot
meet their own self-care demands. Roy (A) developed the Adaptation Model. Leininger (C) developed
the Theory of Culture Care. Watson (D) developed the Theory of Human Caring.
2. According to Lewin's Change Model, which sequence correctly describes the three stages of the
change process?
A) Refreezing → Moving → Unfreezing
B) Unfreezing → Moving → Refreezing
C) Moving → Unfreezing → Refreezing
D) Unfreezing → Refreezing → Moving
Correct Answer: Unfreezing → Moving → Refreezing
Rationale: Lewin's Change Model consists of three stages: (1) Unfreezing—preparing the organization
for change by breaking down existing mindsets; (2) Moving—implementing the actual change; (3)
Refreezing—stabilizing the change and integrating it into the organizational culture.
3. A nurse manager observes that staff morale is low and nurses are leaving the unit at high rates. Which
leadership action would BEST address this situation?
,A) Implement strict disciplinary policies to improve performance
B) Conduct staff surveys and hold regular meetings to identify and address concerns
C) Increase patient assignments to keep staff busy
D) Ignore the situation and allow it to resolve naturally
Correct Answer: Conduct staff surveys and hold regular meetings to identify and address concerns
Rationale: A transformational leader identifies problems through open communication and collaborative
problem-solving. Conducting surveys and holding meetings allows the manager to understand root
causes of low morale and high turnover, then implement targeted solutions. Strict policies and ignoring
the problem are counterproductive.
4. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which level of need must be met before staff can be
motivated by professional growth opportunities?
A) Physiological needs
B) Safety needs
C) Love and belonging needs
D) Esteem needs
Correct Answer: Esteem needs
Rationale: Maslow's Hierarchy identifies five levels: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and
self-actualization. Lower-level needs must be met before staff can be motivated by higher-level factors
like professional growth (self-actualization). Esteem needs must be met before self-actualization can be
pursued.
5. A hospital is implementing a quality improvement initiative to reduce catheter-associated urinary
tract infections (CAUTIs). Which intervention is MOST evidence-based?
A) Changing urinary catheters every 24 hours
B) Removing urinary catheters as soon as they are no longer clinically indicated
C) Using catheters routinely for all immobile patients
D) Irrigating catheters with normal saline daily
, Correct Answer: Removing urinary catheters as soon as they are no longer clinically indicated
Rationale: Evidence-based practice for CAUTI prevention includes removing urinary catheters as soon as
they are no longer clinically indicated. Routine catheter changes and irrigations are not recommended,
and catheters should only be used when necessary.
6. A nurse leader is using situational leadership with a novice nurse who has low competence but high
commitment. Which leadership style is most appropriate?
A) Delegating (low directive, low supportive)
B) Telling (high directive, low supportive)
C) Selling (high directive, high supportive)
D) Participating (low directive, high supportive)
Correct Answer: Telling (high directive, low supportive)
Rationale: Situational leadership theory suggests that a novice nurse with low competence but high
commitment requires a telling style (high directive, low supportive). The leader provides clear
instructions and supervision. Delegating is for high competence, high commitment.
7. A patient who refuses a vaccine is told by the nurse, "If you don't take this vaccine, I will restrain you
and give it anyway." This is an example of:
A) Assault
B) Battery
C) Negligence
D) Malpractice
Correct Answer: Assault
Rationale: Assault occurs when a person puts another person in fear of a harmful or offensive contact
(threatening). Battery is the actual harmful or offensive contact. The nurse's threat constitutes assault,
while actually administering the vaccine against the patient's will would be battery.
