NUR 113 Nursing Fundamentals Exam 4 Study Guide 2026 |
High-Yield Review | Graded A+
1. Describe how cold stress can affect an infant's physical condition.
Cold stress causes increased appetite and energy levels.
Cold stress can lead to lethargy and hypotonia due to the body's
inability to maintain normal temperature.
Cold stress has no significant impact on an infant's physical condition.
Cold stress only affects the infant's skin temperature.
2. What is the term for the mechanism by which an infant can lose body heat
due to air movement, such as from a fan?
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
Conduction
3. A nurse practitioner is assessing the head of a three-day old infant. What
would be a normal observation in a healthy three-day old infant who is
crying?
there are palpable pulsations over the anterior fontanelle
there is a palpable nodule near the posterior fontanelle
there are pounding pulsations over the anterior fontanelle
the fontanelle is depressed
4. The nurse is conducting a home visit on a newborn. What observation would
require the nurse to provide further education?
, Caregivers consistently wash their hands before holding the baby.
The caregiver warms the bottle and tests heat on the inside of the
wrist.
One parent states that when the child gets frustrating, the other
parent takes over.
The parents state the infant is sleeping with them until they buy a
crib.
5. A nurse is planning to administer phytonadione to a newborn. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
C - Use the vastus lateralis as the injection site.
A - Administer phytonadione 24 hr after birth.
D - Reinforce to the guardian that the injection should be repeated in
2 weeks.
B - Use a 1-inch needle for administration.
6. A new mother asks the nurse how to determine if the baby is receiving
enough breast milk. What response should the nurse make to the mother?
"You need to weigh the infant before and after each feeding."
"The infant should sleep at least 3 hours between feedings."
"The infant should not become constipated."
"The infant should gain weight and have six wet diapers daily."
7. Describe the mechanism by which phototherapy helps in treating jaundice in
newborns.
Phototherapy enhances the absorption of vitamin K in the newborn.
, Phototherapy stabilizes the newborn's temperature to prevent
hypothermia.
Phototherapy increases the production of red blood cells in
newborns.
Phototherapy oxidizes bilirubin in the skin, making it easier for the
body to eliminate.
8. What is the recommended sleeping position for newborns according to the
AAP?
Placed on their stomachs
Placed on their sides
None of the above
Placed on their backs
9. A 48-hour-old male infant is ordered to have phototherapy. When his mother
questions the nurse about its purpose, the nurse explains that phototherapy:
Prevents the development of ophthalmia neonatorum
Increases levels of unconjugated bilirubin, thereby preventing
kernicterus (brain damage)
Breaks down bilirubin in the skin into substances that can be
excreted in stool or urine
Assists the baby's clotting mechanism
10. What is the condition that requires protein feedings to be tolerated for
accurate screening in newborns?
Phenylketonuria
Sickle cell disease
, Cystic fibrosis
Hypothyroidism
11. While a nurse is conducting an assessment of a newborn infant's head, which
of the following findings is considered abnormal?
cranial sutures < 1 cm apart
Top third of ears intersect with a line drawn from the inner and outer
eye canthus
bulging anterior fontanelle
head circumference larger than chest circumference
12. Which finding is abnormal for a 3-hour-old newborn?
Acrocyanosis when exposed to cold
Two "soft spots" between cranial bones
Pinpoint white spots on baby's nose
Chest circumference 34 cm, head circumference 32 cm
13. If a nurse observes a newborn in a 'quiet alert' state during a routine check-
up, what would be the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
Place the newborn in a crib to sleep.
Immediately check the newborn's temperature for hypothermia.
Administer a feeding as the newborn may be hungry.
Engage the newborn by talking or making eye contact to promote
interaction.
14. If a newborn is placed in a cool room after birth and is wet from amniotic
fluid, what immediate action should be taken to minimize evaporative heat
High-Yield Review | Graded A+
1. Describe how cold stress can affect an infant's physical condition.
Cold stress causes increased appetite and energy levels.
Cold stress can lead to lethargy and hypotonia due to the body's
inability to maintain normal temperature.
Cold stress has no significant impact on an infant's physical condition.
Cold stress only affects the infant's skin temperature.
2. What is the term for the mechanism by which an infant can lose body heat
due to air movement, such as from a fan?
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
Conduction
3. A nurse practitioner is assessing the head of a three-day old infant. What
would be a normal observation in a healthy three-day old infant who is
crying?
there are palpable pulsations over the anterior fontanelle
there is a palpable nodule near the posterior fontanelle
there are pounding pulsations over the anterior fontanelle
the fontanelle is depressed
4. The nurse is conducting a home visit on a newborn. What observation would
require the nurse to provide further education?
, Caregivers consistently wash their hands before holding the baby.
The caregiver warms the bottle and tests heat on the inside of the
wrist.
One parent states that when the child gets frustrating, the other
parent takes over.
The parents state the infant is sleeping with them until they buy a
crib.
5. A nurse is planning to administer phytonadione to a newborn. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
C - Use the vastus lateralis as the injection site.
A - Administer phytonadione 24 hr after birth.
D - Reinforce to the guardian that the injection should be repeated in
2 weeks.
B - Use a 1-inch needle for administration.
6. A new mother asks the nurse how to determine if the baby is receiving
enough breast milk. What response should the nurse make to the mother?
"You need to weigh the infant before and after each feeding."
"The infant should sleep at least 3 hours between feedings."
"The infant should not become constipated."
"The infant should gain weight and have six wet diapers daily."
7. Describe the mechanism by which phototherapy helps in treating jaundice in
newborns.
Phototherapy enhances the absorption of vitamin K in the newborn.
, Phototherapy stabilizes the newborn's temperature to prevent
hypothermia.
Phototherapy increases the production of red blood cells in
newborns.
Phototherapy oxidizes bilirubin in the skin, making it easier for the
body to eliminate.
8. What is the recommended sleeping position for newborns according to the
AAP?
Placed on their stomachs
Placed on their sides
None of the above
Placed on their backs
9. A 48-hour-old male infant is ordered to have phototherapy. When his mother
questions the nurse about its purpose, the nurse explains that phototherapy:
Prevents the development of ophthalmia neonatorum
Increases levels of unconjugated bilirubin, thereby preventing
kernicterus (brain damage)
Breaks down bilirubin in the skin into substances that can be
excreted in stool or urine
Assists the baby's clotting mechanism
10. What is the condition that requires protein feedings to be tolerated for
accurate screening in newborns?
Phenylketonuria
Sickle cell disease
, Cystic fibrosis
Hypothyroidism
11. While a nurse is conducting an assessment of a newborn infant's head, which
of the following findings is considered abnormal?
cranial sutures < 1 cm apart
Top third of ears intersect with a line drawn from the inner and outer
eye canthus
bulging anterior fontanelle
head circumference larger than chest circumference
12. Which finding is abnormal for a 3-hour-old newborn?
Acrocyanosis when exposed to cold
Two "soft spots" between cranial bones
Pinpoint white spots on baby's nose
Chest circumference 34 cm, head circumference 32 cm
13. If a nurse observes a newborn in a 'quiet alert' state during a routine check-
up, what would be the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
Place the newborn in a crib to sleep.
Immediately check the newborn's temperature for hypothermia.
Administer a feeding as the newborn may be hungry.
Engage the newborn by talking or making eye contact to promote
interaction.
14. If a newborn is placed in a cool room after birth and is wet from amniotic
fluid, what immediate action should be taken to minimize evaporative heat
