ATI Pediatrics Nursing Final Exam Revision Guide
2025-2026 |Questions, Correct Answers and
Rationales|
1. Question: A nurse is teaching the mother of a child who has cystic fibrosis and has a
prescription for pancreatic enzymes three times per day. Which of the following
statements indicates that the mother understands the teaching?
Answer: "My child will take the enzymes to help digest the fat in foods."
Rationale: Pancreatic enzymes in cystic fibrosis aid in digesting fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates due to pancreatic insufficiency. The correct statement reflects
understanding of the enzymes' role in fat digestion. Other options are incorrect:
enzymes don’t primarily improve metabolism, aren’t taken 2 hours before meals, and
are taken with meals, not after.
2. Question: A nurse is teaching a parent of a child with hemophilia how to control a
minor bleeding episode. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a
need for further teaching?
Answer: "I will apply heat."
Rationale: Applying heat increases blood flow and can worsen bleeding in
hemophilia. The RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) is appropriate for
minor bleeding episodes. Resting, compressing, and elevating the affected part help
control bleeding, but applying heat indicates a misunderstanding, requiring further
education.
3. Question: A nurse in an emergency department is caring for an infant who has a 2-
day history of vomiting and an elevated temperature. Which of the following should
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, the nurse recognize as the most reliable indicator of fluid loss?
Answer: Body weight
Rationale: Body weight is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss in infants, as even
small changes reflect significant dehydration due to their high body water content.
Skin integrity, blood pressure, and respiratory rate are less reliable, as they can vary
due to other factors and are not as directly correlated with fluid status.
4. Question: Which of the following children should the nurse identify as a potential
action of abuse?
Answer: A child whose parents answer questions for the child
Rationale: Parents answering for a child may indicate controlling behavior, a
potential sign of abuse, as it can suggest suppression of the child’s voice or
autonomy. Frequent visitors, frequent use of the call light, or obesity are not direct
indicators of abuse, though obesity may warrant nutritional assessment.
5. Question: A nurse is assessing a 3-month-old. Which of the following findings
should he report to the provider?
Answer: Unable to raise head when in prone position
Rationale: A 3-month-old should lift their head when prone, indicating neck muscle
development. Inability to do so may suggest neurological or developmental issues,
warranting provider notification. The other findings (inability to pick up objects, sit
without support, or bring objects to mouth) are normal for this age.
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, 6. Question: A nurse is admitting a 6-month-old infant who has dehydration. Which of
the following amounts of urinary output should indicate to the nurse that the
treatment has confirmed the fluid imbalance?
Answer: 2 mL/kg/hr
Rationale: Normal urine output for infants is approximately 1-2 mL/kg/hr. An output
of 2 mL/kg/hr indicates adequate hydration, suggesting effective treatment for
dehydration. Outputs of 0.5 mL/kg/hr (too low), 7.5 mL/kg/hr, or 15 mL/kg/hr
(excessive) do not confirm resolution of fluid imbalance.
7. Question: A nurse is planning care for an infant who has spina bifida and is to
undergo surgical [procedure]. Which of the following interventions should the nurse
include in the plan of care?
Answer: Provide a latex-free environment
Rationale: Infants with spina bifida are at high risk for latex allergies due to repeated
medical exposures. A latex-free environment prevents allergic reactions. Supine
positioning may not be ideal pre-surgery, limiting visitors is unnecessary, and
contact precautions are not typically required unless infection is present.
8. Question: A nurse is caring for a child who has just died. The parents ask to be left
alone so that they [can grieve]. The nurse should:
Answer: Grant their request
Rationale: Grieving parents should be given privacy to process their loss, respecting
their emotional needs. Discouraging this may hinder grief processing, explaining
3|Page
2025-2026 |Questions, Correct Answers and
Rationales|
1. Question: A nurse is teaching the mother of a child who has cystic fibrosis and has a
prescription for pancreatic enzymes three times per day. Which of the following
statements indicates that the mother understands the teaching?
Answer: "My child will take the enzymes to help digest the fat in foods."
Rationale: Pancreatic enzymes in cystic fibrosis aid in digesting fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates due to pancreatic insufficiency. The correct statement reflects
understanding of the enzymes' role in fat digestion. Other options are incorrect:
enzymes don’t primarily improve metabolism, aren’t taken 2 hours before meals, and
are taken with meals, not after.
2. Question: A nurse is teaching a parent of a child with hemophilia how to control a
minor bleeding episode. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a
need for further teaching?
Answer: "I will apply heat."
Rationale: Applying heat increases blood flow and can worsen bleeding in
hemophilia. The RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) is appropriate for
minor bleeding episodes. Resting, compressing, and elevating the affected part help
control bleeding, but applying heat indicates a misunderstanding, requiring further
education.
3. Question: A nurse in an emergency department is caring for an infant who has a 2-
day history of vomiting and an elevated temperature. Which of the following should
1|Page
, the nurse recognize as the most reliable indicator of fluid loss?
Answer: Body weight
Rationale: Body weight is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss in infants, as even
small changes reflect significant dehydration due to their high body water content.
Skin integrity, blood pressure, and respiratory rate are less reliable, as they can vary
due to other factors and are not as directly correlated with fluid status.
4. Question: Which of the following children should the nurse identify as a potential
action of abuse?
Answer: A child whose parents answer questions for the child
Rationale: Parents answering for a child may indicate controlling behavior, a
potential sign of abuse, as it can suggest suppression of the child’s voice or
autonomy. Frequent visitors, frequent use of the call light, or obesity are not direct
indicators of abuse, though obesity may warrant nutritional assessment.
5. Question: A nurse is assessing a 3-month-old. Which of the following findings
should he report to the provider?
Answer: Unable to raise head when in prone position
Rationale: A 3-month-old should lift their head when prone, indicating neck muscle
development. Inability to do so may suggest neurological or developmental issues,
warranting provider notification. The other findings (inability to pick up objects, sit
without support, or bring objects to mouth) are normal for this age.
2|Page
, 6. Question: A nurse is admitting a 6-month-old infant who has dehydration. Which of
the following amounts of urinary output should indicate to the nurse that the
treatment has confirmed the fluid imbalance?
Answer: 2 mL/kg/hr
Rationale: Normal urine output for infants is approximately 1-2 mL/kg/hr. An output
of 2 mL/kg/hr indicates adequate hydration, suggesting effective treatment for
dehydration. Outputs of 0.5 mL/kg/hr (too low), 7.5 mL/kg/hr, or 15 mL/kg/hr
(excessive) do not confirm resolution of fluid imbalance.
7. Question: A nurse is planning care for an infant who has spina bifida and is to
undergo surgical [procedure]. Which of the following interventions should the nurse
include in the plan of care?
Answer: Provide a latex-free environment
Rationale: Infants with spina bifida are at high risk for latex allergies due to repeated
medical exposures. A latex-free environment prevents allergic reactions. Supine
positioning may not be ideal pre-surgery, limiting visitors is unnecessary, and
contact precautions are not typically required unless infection is present.
8. Question: A nurse is caring for a child who has just died. The parents ask to be left
alone so that they [can grieve]. The nurse should:
Answer: Grant their request
Rationale: Grieving parents should be given privacy to process their loss, respecting
their emotional needs. Discouraging this may hinder grief processing, explaining
3|Page
