Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2 questions with
correct answers 2026/2027 version
the function of the tumor cell marker is to: - correct answer >>>screen individuals at
high risk for cancer
which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms
and the first stage in the development of colon cancer? - correct answer >>>an
accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required for the development of cancer
autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to: - correct answer >>>secrete growth
factors that stimulate their own growth
apoptosis is: - correct answer >>>normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when
growth is excessive
many cancers create a mutation of ras. ras is a (an): - correct answer >>>intracellular-
signaling protein that regulates cell growth
oncogenes are genes that are capable of: - correct answer >>>undergoing mutation that
directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation
Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to
a piece of chromosome 14. This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to
oncogenes? - correct answer >>>chromosome translocation
in childhood neuroblastoma, the N-myc oncogene undergoes which type of mutation of
normal gene to oncogene? - correct answer >>>gene amplification
what aberrant change causes the abnormal growth in retinoblastoma? - correct answer
>>>the tumor suppressor gene is turned off
two "hits" are required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because: - correct answer
>>>each allele must be altered, and each person has two copies, or alleles of each
gene: one from each parent
the ras gene converts from a proto-oncogene to an oncogene by: - correct answer
>>>altering one or more nucleotide base pairs
how do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase? - correct answer >>>to switch on the
telomerase to enable cells to divide indefinitely
what are characteristics of a benign tumor? - correct answer >>>they include the suffix -
oma
correct answers 2026/2027 version
the function of the tumor cell marker is to: - correct answer >>>screen individuals at
high risk for cancer
which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms
and the first stage in the development of colon cancer? - correct answer >>>an
accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required for the development of cancer
autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to: - correct answer >>>secrete growth
factors that stimulate their own growth
apoptosis is: - correct answer >>>normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when
growth is excessive
many cancers create a mutation of ras. ras is a (an): - correct answer >>>intracellular-
signaling protein that regulates cell growth
oncogenes are genes that are capable of: - correct answer >>>undergoing mutation that
directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation
Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to
a piece of chromosome 14. This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to
oncogenes? - correct answer >>>chromosome translocation
in childhood neuroblastoma, the N-myc oncogene undergoes which type of mutation of
normal gene to oncogene? - correct answer >>>gene amplification
what aberrant change causes the abnormal growth in retinoblastoma? - correct answer
>>>the tumor suppressor gene is turned off
two "hits" are required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because: - correct answer
>>>each allele must be altered, and each person has two copies, or alleles of each
gene: one from each parent
the ras gene converts from a proto-oncogene to an oncogene by: - correct answer
>>>altering one or more nucleotide base pairs
how do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase? - correct answer >>>to switch on the
telomerase to enable cells to divide indefinitely
what are characteristics of a benign tumor? - correct answer >>>they include the suffix -
oma
