7/23/26, 12:01 Sopeec test bank 4a - pow
PM
4th Class Power Engineering Part A Exam
Bank 2026/2027 | Complete Formula
Sheet, Definitions & Exam Questions |
Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Heat
Transfer, Materials & Engineering
Fundamentals Study Guide.
Velocity (m/s)
Change in position / time
Acceleration (m/s^2)
Change in velocity (m/s) / time (s)
Force (Newton)
mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s^2) , any action on a body that tends to change
its size, shape, or its state of rest or motion
Force of Gravity
mass (kg) x 9.81 m/s^2
Pressure (Pa)
Force (N) / area (m^2)
Work (J)
Force (N) x distance (m)
Power
Work done / time , Rate of doing work
Potential Energy (J)
mass x gravity x height , the ability of a body to do work due by virtue of its
position
1/74
,7/23/26, 12:01 Sopeec test bank 4a - pow
PM
Kinetic Energy (J)
1/2 x mass x velocity^2 , The ability of a body to do work due to its motion
2/74
,7/23/26, 12:01 Sopeec test bank 4a - pow
PM
Energy (J)
The capacity of a body to do work
Tonne
1000 kilograms
Moment of Force (Nm)
Force (N) x Distance (m) , A force, acting on a body at any distance from a
point on that body, will tend to produce rotation around that point
Clockwise Moments
Equal to Counter-clockwise moments
Upward Forces
Equal to Downward forces
Actual Mechanical Advantage (Ma)
Load (N) / Effort (N)
Velocity Ratio (VR)
Distance moved by Effort / Distance moved by Load
Efficiency
Output Work / Input Work
Output Work
Load x Distance moved by load
Input Work
Effort x Distance moved by effort , Equals Output work + Wasted work
3/74
, 7/23/26, 12:01 Sopeec test bank 4a - pow
PM
Ideal Mechanical Advantage (MA)
Equal to Velocity Ratio (VR)
Load x r
Equal to Effort x R
VR
Equal to R/r and D/d
Load /Effort
Equal to R/r
Scalar
A physical quantity that has magnitude but no direction
Vector
A quantity that has magnitude and direction
Space Diagram
Illustrates a system of vectors
Co-planar Vectors
Vectors that are all in the same plane
Concurrent Vectors
Vectors whose lines of action meet at one point
Resultant
A vector that represents the sum of two or more vectors
Absolute Pressure
Atmospheric pressure + gauge pressure
4/74
PM
4th Class Power Engineering Part A Exam
Bank 2026/2027 | Complete Formula
Sheet, Definitions & Exam Questions |
Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Heat
Transfer, Materials & Engineering
Fundamentals Study Guide.
Velocity (m/s)
Change in position / time
Acceleration (m/s^2)
Change in velocity (m/s) / time (s)
Force (Newton)
mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s^2) , any action on a body that tends to change
its size, shape, or its state of rest or motion
Force of Gravity
mass (kg) x 9.81 m/s^2
Pressure (Pa)
Force (N) / area (m^2)
Work (J)
Force (N) x distance (m)
Power
Work done / time , Rate of doing work
Potential Energy (J)
mass x gravity x height , the ability of a body to do work due by virtue of its
position
1/74
,7/23/26, 12:01 Sopeec test bank 4a - pow
PM
Kinetic Energy (J)
1/2 x mass x velocity^2 , The ability of a body to do work due to its motion
2/74
,7/23/26, 12:01 Sopeec test bank 4a - pow
PM
Energy (J)
The capacity of a body to do work
Tonne
1000 kilograms
Moment of Force (Nm)
Force (N) x Distance (m) , A force, acting on a body at any distance from a
point on that body, will tend to produce rotation around that point
Clockwise Moments
Equal to Counter-clockwise moments
Upward Forces
Equal to Downward forces
Actual Mechanical Advantage (Ma)
Load (N) / Effort (N)
Velocity Ratio (VR)
Distance moved by Effort / Distance moved by Load
Efficiency
Output Work / Input Work
Output Work
Load x Distance moved by load
Input Work
Effort x Distance moved by effort , Equals Output work + Wasted work
3/74
, 7/23/26, 12:01 Sopeec test bank 4a - pow
PM
Ideal Mechanical Advantage (MA)
Equal to Velocity Ratio (VR)
Load x r
Equal to Effort x R
VR
Equal to R/r and D/d
Load /Effort
Equal to R/r
Scalar
A physical quantity that has magnitude but no direction
Vector
A quantity that has magnitude and direction
Space Diagram
Illustrates a system of vectors
Co-planar Vectors
Vectors that are all in the same plane
Concurrent Vectors
Vectors whose lines of action meet at one point
Resultant
A vector that represents the sum of two or more vectors
Absolute Pressure
Atmospheric pressure + gauge pressure
4/74
