RN TARGETED MEDICAL SURGICAL RENAL
AND URINARY ONLINE EXAM 3
COMPREHENSIVE NURSING STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ A client with a history of excessive alcohol use develops hepatic
portal hypertension and an elevated serum aldosterone level. For
which complications should the nurse assess this client?
Chloride depletion and hypovolemia
Potassium retention and dysrhythmias
Sodium retention and fluid accumulation
Calcium depletion and pathologic fractures
Answer: Sodium retention and fluid accumulation
◉ A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing urinary
incontinence. The client has an involuntary loss of small amounts
(25 to 35 mL) of urine from an overdistended bladder. How should
this be documented in the client's medical record?
,Urge incontinence
Stress incontinence
Overflow incontinence
Functional incontinence
Answer: Overflow incontinence
◉ After reviewing the 24-hour urine collection reports of a client
with kidney dysfunction, the nurse suspects diabetes mellitus.
Which finding supports this suspicion?
Calcium level: 500 mg/24 hr
Sodium level: 300 mEq/24 hr
Urea nitrogen level: 30 g/24 hr
Creatinine level: 40 mg/kg/24 hr
Answer: Creatinine level: 40 mg/kg/24 hr
,◉ The laboratory values of a client with renal calculi reveal a serum
calcium within expected limits and an elevated serum purine. How
should the nurse interpret these findings about the stone's
composition?
It contains cystine.
It contains uric acid.
It contains calcium oxalate.
It contains magnesium ammonium phosphate.
Answer: It contains uric acid.
◉ Which natural physiologic process helps prevent bacterial
infections within the client's bladder containing urine?
The secretions of the urothelium
The relaxation of the detrusor muscle
The contraction of the external sphincter
, The muscle tone of the internal sphincter
Answer: The secretions of the urothelium
◉ A nurse is caring for a client during the early postoperative period
after a prostatectomy. Which action is the priority?
Have the client stand to void.
Discourage straining for a bowel movement.
Use a bulb syringe to aspirate urine from the retention catheter.
Notify the primary healthcare provider if the client does not void by
bedtime.
Answer: Discourage straining for a bowel movement.
◉ A residual urine test is prescribed for a client with benign
prostatic hyperplasia. What should the nurse instruct the client to
do?
Void after a urinary catheter is removed.
Collect a specimen of urine during midstream.
AND URINARY ONLINE EXAM 3
COMPREHENSIVE NURSING STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ A client with a history of excessive alcohol use develops hepatic
portal hypertension and an elevated serum aldosterone level. For
which complications should the nurse assess this client?
Chloride depletion and hypovolemia
Potassium retention and dysrhythmias
Sodium retention and fluid accumulation
Calcium depletion and pathologic fractures
Answer: Sodium retention and fluid accumulation
◉ A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing urinary
incontinence. The client has an involuntary loss of small amounts
(25 to 35 mL) of urine from an overdistended bladder. How should
this be documented in the client's medical record?
,Urge incontinence
Stress incontinence
Overflow incontinence
Functional incontinence
Answer: Overflow incontinence
◉ After reviewing the 24-hour urine collection reports of a client
with kidney dysfunction, the nurse suspects diabetes mellitus.
Which finding supports this suspicion?
Calcium level: 500 mg/24 hr
Sodium level: 300 mEq/24 hr
Urea nitrogen level: 30 g/24 hr
Creatinine level: 40 mg/kg/24 hr
Answer: Creatinine level: 40 mg/kg/24 hr
,◉ The laboratory values of a client with renal calculi reveal a serum
calcium within expected limits and an elevated serum purine. How
should the nurse interpret these findings about the stone's
composition?
It contains cystine.
It contains uric acid.
It contains calcium oxalate.
It contains magnesium ammonium phosphate.
Answer: It contains uric acid.
◉ Which natural physiologic process helps prevent bacterial
infections within the client's bladder containing urine?
The secretions of the urothelium
The relaxation of the detrusor muscle
The contraction of the external sphincter
, The muscle tone of the internal sphincter
Answer: The secretions of the urothelium
◉ A nurse is caring for a client during the early postoperative period
after a prostatectomy. Which action is the priority?
Have the client stand to void.
Discourage straining for a bowel movement.
Use a bulb syringe to aspirate urine from the retention catheter.
Notify the primary healthcare provider if the client does not void by
bedtime.
Answer: Discourage straining for a bowel movement.
◉ A residual urine test is prescribed for a client with benign
prostatic hyperplasia. What should the nurse instruct the client to
do?
Void after a urinary catheter is removed.
Collect a specimen of urine during midstream.
