ventilation - ANSWER ✔✔movement of air into and out of lungs,
regulation in aveoli
perfusion - ANSWER ✔✔ability of cardiovascular system to pump
oxygenated blood to tissues and return deoxygenated blood to lungs
pulmonary system - ANSWER ✔✔lungs, airways, chest walls, blood
vessels
hypoxia - ANSWER ✔✔low oxygen in tissues
hypoxemia - ANSWER ✔✔low oxygen in blood
hypoventilation - ANSWER ✔✔ventilation inadequate to meet oxygen
needs or eliminate enough CO2, caused by collapsed alveoli
,hyperventilation - ANSWER ✔✔increased respiratory rate which
causes excess CO2 elimination, anxiety/infection/drugs/acid-base
imbalance induce hyperventilation
conduction system - ANSWER ✔✔sinoatrial node, atrioventricular
node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
electrocardiogram (ECG) - ANSWER ✔✔ECG waveform (P wave,
QRS complex, T wave)
alterations of circulatory system - ANSWER ✔✔decreased cardiac
output (heart failure), myocardial ischemia (myocardial infarction),
impaired valvular function (obstructed blood flow, regurgitation), left-
sided heart failure (decreased cardiac output, pulmonary congestion),
right-sided heart failure (distended jugular veins, peripheral edema),
hypovolemia (decreased circulating blood flow)
sinus tachycardia - ANSWER ✔✔regular rhythm, fast rate of 100-180
bpm
sinus bradycardia - ANSWER ✔✔regular rhythm, slow rate of <60
bpm
atrial fibrillation - ANSWER ✔✔irregular ventricular response,
irregular cardiac rate of rhythm, no identifiable P wave
, ventricular tachycardia - ANSWER ✔✔slightly irregular rhythm with
rate of 100-200 bpm, absent P wave, wide and weird QRS complex
ventricular fibrillation - ANSWER ✔✔irregular and chaotic rhythm with
no discernible rate/waves, ventricular quivering, not pumping, immediate
resuscitation
asystole - ANSWER ✔✔absence of electrical activity, immediate
resuscitation
factors affecting oxygenation - ANSWER ✔✔decreased oxygen
carrying capacity (altered hemoglobin, i.e. anemia), decreased inspired
oxygen concentration (upper/lower airway obstruction, decreased
environmental oxygen-i.e. high altitudes, decreased delivery of inspired
oxygen), increased metabolic rate (fever), conditions affecting chest wall
movement (musculoskeletal abnormalities, nervous system diseases,
trauma)
nursing process: diagnosis (oxygenation) - ANSWER ✔✔activity
intolerance
ineffective airway clearance
ineffective breathing pattern
decreased cardiac output
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