2026/2027 Psychology 101 Chapter
1-4 Exam With Correct Verified
Answers
Psychology - ANSWER-the scientific investigation of mental process and behavior
Scientific Method - ANSWER-sets of orderly steps used to analyze and solve problems
Behavioral Perspective - ANSWER-how behavior is learned or modified by
environmental causes (NURTURE)
Behavioral Data - ANSWER-reports of observation about the behavior of organisms and
the conditions under which the behavior occur
Psychodynamic Perspective - ANSWER-behavior is motivated by inherited instincts,
biological drives, & attempts to resolve personal conflicts between personal need and
society's demands
Cognitive Perspective - ANSWER-an approach that emphasizes mental process in
perception, memory, language, problem solving and other areas of behavior
Humanistic Perspective - ANSWER-emphasizes the individual's inherent capacity for
making rational choices and developing maximum potential
Willhelm Wundt - ANSWER-founding father of psychology
Biological Perspective - ANSWER-study of physical bases on behavior
Behavior - ANSWER-organisms that adjust to their environment
Standardization - ANSWER-using uniform, consistent, procedures in all phases of data
collection
Hypothesis - ANSWER-tentative and testable statement about the relationship between
causes and consequences
Determinism - ANSWER-the idea that all events are determined by specific casual
factors (physical, mental, and behavioral)
Theory - ANSWER-organized set of concepts (used to formulate research)
, Sociocultural Perspective - ANSWER-studies how an individual's behavior and thinking
vary across situations and cultures
Ivan Pavlov - ANSWER-Russian Physiologist
Discovered classical conditioning behaviorism
Operational Definition - ANSWER-standardizes the meaning within an experiment, by
defining a concept in terms of the specific operations or procedures used to measure it
Independent Variable - ANSWER-factor manipulated and will cause changes (casual
part of the relationship)
Dependent Variable - ANSWER-factor affected by independent variable (what is being
measured)
Experimental Method - ANSWER-research methodology that involves the manipulation
of independent variables to determine their effects on the dependent variables
Confounding Variable - ANSWER-a variable that could produce effects that are
confused, or confounded with the effects of the independent variable
Double-blind Study - ANSWER-a study in which both participants and researchers are
blind to the status of participants
Placebo Effect - ANSWER-a phenomena in which an experimental manipulation
produces an effect because participants believe it will produce an effect
Control Group - ANSWER-participants in an experiment who receive a relatively neutral
condition to serve as a comparison group
Population - ANSWER-a group of people or animals of interest to a researcher from
which a sample is drawn
Sample - ANSWER-a subgroup of a population likely to be representative of the
population as a whole
Random Sample - ANSWER-a sample of participants selected from the population in a
relatively arbitrary manner
Correlation Coefficient - ANSWER-an index of the extent to which two variables are
related
Reliability - ANSWER-a measure's ability to produce consistent results
Validity - ANSWER-the extent to which a test measures the construct it attempts to
assess or a study adequately addresses the hypothesis it attempts to assess
1-4 Exam With Correct Verified
Answers
Psychology - ANSWER-the scientific investigation of mental process and behavior
Scientific Method - ANSWER-sets of orderly steps used to analyze and solve problems
Behavioral Perspective - ANSWER-how behavior is learned or modified by
environmental causes (NURTURE)
Behavioral Data - ANSWER-reports of observation about the behavior of organisms and
the conditions under which the behavior occur
Psychodynamic Perspective - ANSWER-behavior is motivated by inherited instincts,
biological drives, & attempts to resolve personal conflicts between personal need and
society's demands
Cognitive Perspective - ANSWER-an approach that emphasizes mental process in
perception, memory, language, problem solving and other areas of behavior
Humanistic Perspective - ANSWER-emphasizes the individual's inherent capacity for
making rational choices and developing maximum potential
Willhelm Wundt - ANSWER-founding father of psychology
Biological Perspective - ANSWER-study of physical bases on behavior
Behavior - ANSWER-organisms that adjust to their environment
Standardization - ANSWER-using uniform, consistent, procedures in all phases of data
collection
Hypothesis - ANSWER-tentative and testable statement about the relationship between
causes and consequences
Determinism - ANSWER-the idea that all events are determined by specific casual
factors (physical, mental, and behavioral)
Theory - ANSWER-organized set of concepts (used to formulate research)
, Sociocultural Perspective - ANSWER-studies how an individual's behavior and thinking
vary across situations and cultures
Ivan Pavlov - ANSWER-Russian Physiologist
Discovered classical conditioning behaviorism
Operational Definition - ANSWER-standardizes the meaning within an experiment, by
defining a concept in terms of the specific operations or procedures used to measure it
Independent Variable - ANSWER-factor manipulated and will cause changes (casual
part of the relationship)
Dependent Variable - ANSWER-factor affected by independent variable (what is being
measured)
Experimental Method - ANSWER-research methodology that involves the manipulation
of independent variables to determine their effects on the dependent variables
Confounding Variable - ANSWER-a variable that could produce effects that are
confused, or confounded with the effects of the independent variable
Double-blind Study - ANSWER-a study in which both participants and researchers are
blind to the status of participants
Placebo Effect - ANSWER-a phenomena in which an experimental manipulation
produces an effect because participants believe it will produce an effect
Control Group - ANSWER-participants in an experiment who receive a relatively neutral
condition to serve as a comparison group
Population - ANSWER-a group of people or animals of interest to a researcher from
which a sample is drawn
Sample - ANSWER-a subgroup of a population likely to be representative of the
population as a whole
Random Sample - ANSWER-a sample of participants selected from the population in a
relatively arbitrary manner
Correlation Coefficient - ANSWER-an index of the extent to which two variables are
related
Reliability - ANSWER-a measure's ability to produce consistent results
Validity - ANSWER-the extent to which a test measures the construct it attempts to
assess or a study adequately addresses the hypothesis it attempts to assess
