PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH BY MICHAEL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES: A
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH BY
MICHAEL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

◉ drug characteristics.
Answer: -Therapeutic applications
-Interactions
-Adverse effects
-Mechanisms of action


◉ Drugs can elicit a different response based on.
Answer: age, sex, body mass, health status, genetics


◉ Therapeutics.
Answer: - Prevention of disease
- treatment of suffering


◉ Pharmacotherapy.
Answer: -disease treatment
-alleviation of suffering

,◉ desirable responses to drugs.
Answer: therapeutic


◉ undesirable responses to drugs.
Answer: Adverse


◉ Biologics.
Answer: agents naturally produced in animal cells, by
microorganisms, or by the body itself


◉ Examples of biologics.
Answer: -hormones,
-monoclonal antibodies
-natural blood products and components
- interferons
-vaccines


◉ complementary and alternative therapies.
Answer: -Natural plant extracts
-herbs
-vitamins/minerals -dietary supplements

, -Physical therapy
-manipulations
-massage
-acupuncture
-hypnosis
-biofeedback


◉ Drugs are organized in two ways.
Answer: therapeutic classification and pharmacologic classification


◉ Therapeutic classification.
Answer: Based on therapeutic usefulness in treating particular
diseases or disorders (antidepressants, antipsychotics,
antineoplastic)


◉ Pharmacologic classification.
Answer: Based on the way a drug works at the molecular, tissue, or
body system level
-Based on drugs mechanism of action


◉ Mechanism of Action.
Answer: how a drug produces its physiological effect in the body