Questions and Answers
Updated 2026
IntuitiveBcognitionB-BAnswerBInductive,Brecognition,Bheuristics,Bbias
AnalyticalBcognitionB-BAnswerBDeductive,Bnormative,BBayesian
CognitiveBbiasB-
BAnswerBErroneousBthinkingBthatBleadsBtoBdeviationBfromBnormsBandBstandards
WhatBdoesBcognitiveBbiasBleadBto?B-
BAnswerBLeadsBtoBflawedBclinicalBreasoningBandBdiagnosticBerror
HeuristicBBiasB-BAnswerBruleBofBthumb,BeducatedBguess,BmentalBshortcuts,BintuitionB-
BthinkingBatBsurfaceBlevel
HeuristicsBmayB"help"BwithBefficiency-BbutBcanBresultBinB__________?B-
BAnswerBdiagnosticBerror
ConfirmationBbiasB-
BAnswerBSelectiveBfocusBonBsupportiveBevidenceBand/orBdisregardBofBnon-
supportiveBevidence
AnchoringBbiasB-
BAnswerBStayingBwithBsameBdx/testing/txBevenBwhenBnoBimprovementBresults
AvailabilityBbiasB-BAnswerBUsingBwhatBcomesBtoBmind-
BoftenBbasedBonBpreviousBexperiences,Bheuristics
GroupBthinkBbiasB-BAnswerBAligningBwithBtheBpreviousBexpertBdiagnosis
,FramingBbiasB-
BAnswerBlimitingBinformationBgatheringBtoBonlyBthatBwhichBsupportsBtheBprovider'sBp
icture
PrematureBclosureB-
BAnswerBFailureBtoBseekBmoreBinformationBafterBreachingBaBdiagnosis
VisceralBbiasB-BAnswerBfeelingsBtowardBcertainBpatientBtypesB(positiveBorBnegative)
WhatBisBtheBmostBimportantBstepBaBnoviceBclinicianBcanBtakeBtoBdecreaseBcognitiveB
error?B-BAnswerBAwarenessBofBbiasBandBemployingBknowledge
WhatBareBsomeBwaysBtoBapplyBcriticalBthinking?B-
BAnswerBEvaluationBofBevidenceBfromBcredibleBsourcesB(RCT,BCER,BlongitudinalBstudie
s,BexpertBconsensus,BguidelinesB)BandBIdentificationBofBpotentialBbiasBofBtheBprovider
EmployBclinicalBreasoningB-
BAnswerBTranslateBdidacticBknowledgeBandBresearchBinformationBtoBclinicalBpracticeBt
hroughBapplicationBofBcriticalBthinkingBtoBtheBdecisionBmakingBprocessBwithBtheBgoal
BofBprovidingBsafe,BhighBqualityBcare
ThreeBwaysBtoBimplementBevidenceBbasedBpracticeB-
BAnswerB1.BApplicationBofBtheBbestBevidenceB
2.BIntegrationBofBclinicalBexperience
3.BIncorporationBofBpatientBpreference
WhatBisBconsideredBbestBevidence?B-BAnswerBRCTs,BCERs,BotherBquantitativeBresearch
AbilityBtoBjudgeBtypeBandBvalueBofBevidence
AwarenessBofBtheBresearchBparadoxB-
BtheBmoreBcontrolledBtheBtrial,BlessBitBtranslatesBtoBrealBworld
, WhatBisBconsideredBforBincorporationBofBpatientBpreference?B-
BAnswerBAcceptabilityBofBcare,Bsatisfaction,Bquality,BburdenBofBtreatment,BqualitativeB
studies
WhatBareBtheBphasesBofBanalysis?B-BAnswerBPre-
analysisB(ordering,Bcollection,Bhandling)
AnalysisB-BlargelyBautomated
Post-AnalysisB(interpretingBresults)
WhatBphaseBofBanalysisBdoBmostBerrorsBoccur?B-BAnswerBPre-analysis
WhereBisBtheBleastBcommonBphaseBofBanalysisBforBerrorsBtoBoccur?B-
BAnswerBPostBanalysis
WhatBareBsomeBnon-modifiableBfactorsBtoBconsiderBinBpre-analysis?B-
BAnswerBAgeB(differentBnormalsBforBinfant,Belderly)
GenderB(fluctuationBinBsexBhormones)
MuscleBmassB(creatinineBkinaseBincreased)
FatBMassB(effectsBonBcholesterolBlevel)
HealthBstatusB(vegan,Bpregancy,Bparesis,Bparalysis)
WhatBareBsomeBmodifiableBfactorsBtoBbeBawareBofBinBpre-analysis?B-
BAnswerBCorrectBpatientB&BcorrectBtest
PatientBeducationB&Bpreparation
MedicationBeffectsB(avoid/acknowledge)
PosturalBeffectsBonBplasmaBvolume
TimingBofBspecimen/sampleBcollectionB-BphlebotomyBskill
SpecimenBhandling,BtubeBselection