Advanced Pharmacology Final Verified Exam Questions and Answers
Latest update 2026/2027
Question:
1. What oral anti-glycemic agents are indicated for patients with history of hypoglycemia?
Answer:
Sitagliptin (Januvia), - _gliptin · Exenatide (Byetta), _tide
Question:
2. What medications are used for Without STI risk: Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin (Levaquin) acute
prostatitis treatment with or without STI risk?
Answer:
STI risk: Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) PLUS Doxycycline
Question:
3. BPH Scoring
Answer:
0-7 mild urinary retantion 8-19 moderate 20-35 severe
Question:
4. Gonorrhea treatment recommended by CDC
Answer:
complicated UTI,
Question:
5. What's the Mechanism of Action of Digoxin?
Answer:
Question:
6. A patient comes in with an un-
Ceftriaxone Inhibit Na/K deactivate Na/Ca exchange, leaving more Ca inside the cell and increasing
contractility (inotropic effect). The overall mechanism of Increase Ca intracellular. Hyperkalemia,
arrhythmias Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) Nitrofurantoin(Ma crobid), or Fosfomycin,
what medication should the APRN prescribe?
Answer:
ATPase, A/E Trimethoprim Second line: _floxacin A/B. Complicated(Fever, chills, flank pain,
malaise)? Send urine culture and consider IV treatment.
,Question:
7. What's Phenazopyridine(Pyridim) ?
Answer:
Iso-dye analgesic used to treat UTI, causes discoloration of urine to red/orange
Question:
8. Patient with UTI and pregnant, what treatment would be safest?
Answer:
Amoxicillin as the first line, although not all microorganisms are sensitive to it. Consider:
Cephalexin or Nitrofurantoin(Macrobid) if on 2nd/3rd trimester (before 38 weeks) Bactrim except in
the 1st and 3rd trimester.
Question:
9. What are the side Sodium channel blocker that can cause pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, effects
of Amiodarone?
Answer:
hypo/hyperthyroidism, pneumonitis, corneal deposits, neurologic effects, constipation, cardiovascular
effects (decrease contractility and AV/SA node function)
Question:
10. What are the side BMS, hepatotoxicity, low WBC, hepatitis. Beta blockers are used for symptoms
effects of Propylthiouracil? (PTU) ? What is used for
symptom treatment?
Answer:
treatment.
Question:
11. What are the components of labeling dietary supplements?
Answer:
• Name
• Quantity of contents
• Ingredients and amounts
• FDA disclaimer
• Supplemental facts panel: serving size, amount, active ingredients
• Other ingredients
• Name and address of manufacturer, packer, distributor
• FDA is responsible for acting against any adulterated or misbranded dietary
supplement product after it reaches the market. Does not need FDA approval to verify contents of
dietary supplements.
, Question:
12. What's the role of Independently verify quality standards of dietary supplements. USP?
Answer:
Question:
13. Safety of Dietary Supplements
Answer:
• DSHEA—Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act—passed in 1994, restricted the FDA's
control over dietary supplements and defined herbal products
as dietary supplements, which are considered foods
• Manufacturers and distributors do not need FDA approval to sell their dietary
supplements.
Question:
14. What are the indications for Cannabis ?
Answer:
Dronabinaol (chemo induced nausea and vomiting cancer pain, HIV and AIDS stimulate appetite,
enhance CNS depressants) Epidiolex (seizure approved),
Question:
15. What are St. John's Wort significant interactions?
Answer:
Drug interactions: MAO inhibitors, narcotics, digoxin, cyclosporine, amphetamines SSRIs, trazodone,
tricyclic antidepressants, and OTC cold and flu medicines
Question:
16. What are the effects of Omega-3 ?
Answer:
Decrease clotting but does not increase bleeding (decrease platelet aggregation). Decrease
inflammation, decrease levels of triglyceride. Adults and children, most common supplement used
Action: promote the relaxation and contraction of muscles, blood clotting, digestion, cell division, and
the growth and movement of calcium and other substances in and out of cells; decrease inflammation
and platelet aggregation. Uses and dosage: decrease triglyceride levels & slow the growth of
atherosclerotic plaques Adverse reactions: GI upset Drug interactions: blood thinners, antidepressants
Question:
17. What does Ginko Biloba interact with ?
Answer:
Drug interactions: anticoagulants, antiplatelets, insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, thiazide diuretics
Latest update 2026/2027
Question:
1. What oral anti-glycemic agents are indicated for patients with history of hypoglycemia?
Answer:
Sitagliptin (Januvia), - _gliptin · Exenatide (Byetta), _tide
Question:
2. What medications are used for Without STI risk: Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin (Levaquin) acute
prostatitis treatment with or without STI risk?
Answer:
STI risk: Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) PLUS Doxycycline
Question:
3. BPH Scoring
Answer:
0-7 mild urinary retantion 8-19 moderate 20-35 severe
Question:
4. Gonorrhea treatment recommended by CDC
Answer:
complicated UTI,
Question:
5. What's the Mechanism of Action of Digoxin?
Answer:
Question:
6. A patient comes in with an un-
Ceftriaxone Inhibit Na/K deactivate Na/Ca exchange, leaving more Ca inside the cell and increasing
contractility (inotropic effect). The overall mechanism of Increase Ca intracellular. Hyperkalemia,
arrhythmias Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) Nitrofurantoin(Ma crobid), or Fosfomycin,
what medication should the APRN prescribe?
Answer:
ATPase, A/E Trimethoprim Second line: _floxacin A/B. Complicated(Fever, chills, flank pain,
malaise)? Send urine culture and consider IV treatment.
,Question:
7. What's Phenazopyridine(Pyridim) ?
Answer:
Iso-dye analgesic used to treat UTI, causes discoloration of urine to red/orange
Question:
8. Patient with UTI and pregnant, what treatment would be safest?
Answer:
Amoxicillin as the first line, although not all microorganisms are sensitive to it. Consider:
Cephalexin or Nitrofurantoin(Macrobid) if on 2nd/3rd trimester (before 38 weeks) Bactrim except in
the 1st and 3rd trimester.
Question:
9. What are the side Sodium channel blocker that can cause pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, effects
of Amiodarone?
Answer:
hypo/hyperthyroidism, pneumonitis, corneal deposits, neurologic effects, constipation, cardiovascular
effects (decrease contractility and AV/SA node function)
Question:
10. What are the side BMS, hepatotoxicity, low WBC, hepatitis. Beta blockers are used for symptoms
effects of Propylthiouracil? (PTU) ? What is used for
symptom treatment?
Answer:
treatment.
Question:
11. What are the components of labeling dietary supplements?
Answer:
• Name
• Quantity of contents
• Ingredients and amounts
• FDA disclaimer
• Supplemental facts panel: serving size, amount, active ingredients
• Other ingredients
• Name and address of manufacturer, packer, distributor
• FDA is responsible for acting against any adulterated or misbranded dietary
supplement product after it reaches the market. Does not need FDA approval to verify contents of
dietary supplements.
, Question:
12. What's the role of Independently verify quality standards of dietary supplements. USP?
Answer:
Question:
13. Safety of Dietary Supplements
Answer:
• DSHEA—Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act—passed in 1994, restricted the FDA's
control over dietary supplements and defined herbal products
as dietary supplements, which are considered foods
• Manufacturers and distributors do not need FDA approval to sell their dietary
supplements.
Question:
14. What are the indications for Cannabis ?
Answer:
Dronabinaol (chemo induced nausea and vomiting cancer pain, HIV and AIDS stimulate appetite,
enhance CNS depressants) Epidiolex (seizure approved),
Question:
15. What are St. John's Wort significant interactions?
Answer:
Drug interactions: MAO inhibitors, narcotics, digoxin, cyclosporine, amphetamines SSRIs, trazodone,
tricyclic antidepressants, and OTC cold and flu medicines
Question:
16. What are the effects of Omega-3 ?
Answer:
Decrease clotting but does not increase bleeding (decrease platelet aggregation). Decrease
inflammation, decrease levels of triglyceride. Adults and children, most common supplement used
Action: promote the relaxation and contraction of muscles, blood clotting, digestion, cell division, and
the growth and movement of calcium and other substances in and out of cells; decrease inflammation
and platelet aggregation. Uses and dosage: decrease triglyceride levels & slow the growth of
atherosclerotic plaques Adverse reactions: GI upset Drug interactions: blood thinners, antidepressants
Question:
17. What does Ginko Biloba interact with ?
Answer:
Drug interactions: anticoagulants, antiplatelets, insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, thiazide diuretics
