BIOL 122 Midterm V1 | BIOL 122 Nutrition
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Midterm) | Concordia
1. Which of the following macronutrients provides the highest energy density per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids (Fats)
C. Proteins
D. Alcohol
Correct Answer: B
Explanation; Lipids provide 9 kcal/g, which is more than double the energy provided by
carbohydrates or proteins. This high caloric density makes fats an efficient storage form of
energy in the body. Understanding caloric density is essential for managing energy balance
and total daily intake in clinical nutrition.
2. Select All That Apply: Which of the following are considered fat-soluble vitamins?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
,E. Vitamin K
F. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Explanation; Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they require dietary fat for
absorption and are stored in the liver and adipose tissue. Unlike water-soluble vitamins,
they are not easily excreted, which increases the risk of toxicity if consumed in excess.
Vitamins C and B12 are water-soluble and function differently within metabolic pathways.
3. The primary site for nutrient absorption in the human gastrointestinal tract is the:
A. Small Intestine
B. Stomach
C. Large Intestine
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: A
Explanation; The small intestine, specifically the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, is where
the majority of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs. Its large surface area,
enhanced by villi and microvilli, allows for maximum efficiency in transport into the
bloodstream. Disorders affecting the small intestine, such as Celiac disease, significantly
impair nutritional status.
, 4. Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of starches in the mouth?
A. Pepsin
B. Salivary Amylase
C. Lingual Lipase
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: B
Explanation; Salivary amylase begins the process of carbohydrate digestion by breaking
down complex starches into smaller polysaccharides. This process is brief as the enzyme is
eventually inactivated by the acidic environment of the stomach. Effective mastication
ensures thorough mixing of the food bolus with this enzyme.
5. Select All That Apply: Which factors are known to increase a person’s Basal Metabolic Rate
(BMR)?
A. Increased lean body mass
B. Starvation or fasting
C. Fever or infection
D. Aging
E. Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: A, C, E
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Midterm) | Concordia
1. Which of the following macronutrients provides the highest energy density per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids (Fats)
C. Proteins
D. Alcohol
Correct Answer: B
Explanation; Lipids provide 9 kcal/g, which is more than double the energy provided by
carbohydrates or proteins. This high caloric density makes fats an efficient storage form of
energy in the body. Understanding caloric density is essential for managing energy balance
and total daily intake in clinical nutrition.
2. Select All That Apply: Which of the following are considered fat-soluble vitamins?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
,E. Vitamin K
F. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Explanation; Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they require dietary fat for
absorption and are stored in the liver and adipose tissue. Unlike water-soluble vitamins,
they are not easily excreted, which increases the risk of toxicity if consumed in excess.
Vitamins C and B12 are water-soluble and function differently within metabolic pathways.
3. The primary site for nutrient absorption in the human gastrointestinal tract is the:
A. Small Intestine
B. Stomach
C. Large Intestine
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: A
Explanation; The small intestine, specifically the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, is where
the majority of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs. Its large surface area,
enhanced by villi and microvilli, allows for maximum efficiency in transport into the
bloodstream. Disorders affecting the small intestine, such as Celiac disease, significantly
impair nutritional status.
, 4. Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of starches in the mouth?
A. Pepsin
B. Salivary Amylase
C. Lingual Lipase
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: B
Explanation; Salivary amylase begins the process of carbohydrate digestion by breaking
down complex starches into smaller polysaccharides. This process is brief as the enzyme is
eventually inactivated by the acidic environment of the stomach. Effective mastication
ensures thorough mixing of the food bolus with this enzyme.
5. Select All That Apply: Which factors are known to increase a person’s Basal Metabolic Rate
(BMR)?
A. Increased lean body mass
B. Starvation or fasting
C. Fever or infection
D. Aging
E. Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: A, C, E
