BIOL 122 Midterm V2 | BIOL 122 Nutrition
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Midterm) | Concordia
1. A nurse is reviewing the dietary intake of a patient with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of
the following foods should the nurse recommend to increase heme iron absorption?
A. Spinach and lentils
B. Calcium-fortified orange juice
C. Whole grain bread
D. Beef and chicken liver
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Heme iron is found in animal products such as beef and liver and is absorbed
more efficiently than non-heme iron found in plants. Spinach and lentils contain non-heme
iron, which is less bioavailable to the body. Encouraging the consumption of meat, poultry,
and fish can significantly improve iron status in patients with anemia.
2. Which of the following macronutrients provides the highest energy density per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Alcohol
D. Lipids
,Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Lipids or fats provide 9 kilocalories per gram, making them the most energy-
dense macronutrient. In comparison, carbohydrates and proteins provide only 4
kilocalories per gram. Understanding energy density is crucial for managing patient caloric
intake and metabolic health.
3. A patient asks the nurse about the primary function of carbohydrates in the body. Which
response is most accurate?
A. They are the primary building blocks of muscle tissue.
B. They facilitate the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
C. They provide the preferred source of energy for the brain and nervous system.
D. They act as the main structural component of cell membranes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Glucose, derived from carbohydrates, is the primary and preferred fuel
source for the central nervous system and the brain. While proteins build muscle and lipids
form cell membranes, carbohydrates are essential for maintaining cognitive function and
physical energy. In the absence of sufficient carbohydrates, the body may enter a state of
ketosis to find alternative fuel.
4. Select All That Apply (SATA): Which of the following are clinical manifestations of Vitamin C
deficiency (Scurvy)?
A. Bleeding gums
, B. Impaired wound healing
C. Petechiae and ecchymosis
D. Night blindness
E. Joint pain
F. Osteomalacia
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Explanation; Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, and its deficiency leads to
weakened connective tissues, resulting in bleeding gums and petechiae. Impaired wound
healing and joint pain are also classic signs of scurvy as the body cannot repair itself
effectively. Night blindness is associated with Vitamin A deficiency, while osteomalacia is
linked to Vitamin D deficiency.
5. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins in the
stomach?
A. Amylase
B. Lipase
C. Pepsin
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: C
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Midterm) | Concordia
1. A nurse is reviewing the dietary intake of a patient with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of
the following foods should the nurse recommend to increase heme iron absorption?
A. Spinach and lentils
B. Calcium-fortified orange juice
C. Whole grain bread
D. Beef and chicken liver
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Heme iron is found in animal products such as beef and liver and is absorbed
more efficiently than non-heme iron found in plants. Spinach and lentils contain non-heme
iron, which is less bioavailable to the body. Encouraging the consumption of meat, poultry,
and fish can significantly improve iron status in patients with anemia.
2. Which of the following macronutrients provides the highest energy density per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Alcohol
D. Lipids
,Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Lipids or fats provide 9 kilocalories per gram, making them the most energy-
dense macronutrient. In comparison, carbohydrates and proteins provide only 4
kilocalories per gram. Understanding energy density is crucial for managing patient caloric
intake and metabolic health.
3. A patient asks the nurse about the primary function of carbohydrates in the body. Which
response is most accurate?
A. They are the primary building blocks of muscle tissue.
B. They facilitate the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
C. They provide the preferred source of energy for the brain and nervous system.
D. They act as the main structural component of cell membranes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Glucose, derived from carbohydrates, is the primary and preferred fuel
source for the central nervous system and the brain. While proteins build muscle and lipids
form cell membranes, carbohydrates are essential for maintaining cognitive function and
physical energy. In the absence of sufficient carbohydrates, the body may enter a state of
ketosis to find alternative fuel.
4. Select All That Apply (SATA): Which of the following are clinical manifestations of Vitamin C
deficiency (Scurvy)?
A. Bleeding gums
, B. Impaired wound healing
C. Petechiae and ecchymosis
D. Night blindness
E. Joint pain
F. Osteomalacia
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Explanation; Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, and its deficiency leads to
weakened connective tissues, resulting in bleeding gums and petechiae. Impaired wound
healing and joint pain are also classic signs of scurvy as the body cannot repair itself
effectively. Night blindness is associated with Vitamin A deficiency, while osteomalacia is
linked to Vitamin D deficiency.
5. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins in the
stomach?
A. Amylase
B. Lipase
C. Pepsin
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: C
