BIOL 122 Exam 4 V1 | BIOL 122 Nutrition
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 4) | Concordia
1. A nurse is preparing to administer a continuous enteral tube feeding to a client. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?
A. Position the client in a supine position during the feeding.
B. Check gastric residual volumes every 12 hours.
C. Administer the feeding as a rapid bolus to minimize time.
D. Keep the head of the bed elevated at least 30 to 45 degrees during and for 1 hour after
feeding.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Elevating the head of the bed is the primary nursing intervention to prevent
the reflux of gastric contents into the respiratory tract. Continuous feedings require
constant vigilance regarding positioning to ensure safety. The nurse should also monitor
for signs of intolerance such as abdominal distension or coughing.
2. A client is receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) via a central venous catheter. The
nurse notes that the current bag is empty and the new bag is not yet available from the
pharmacy. Which solution should the nurse hang in the interim?
A. 0.9% Sodium Chloride
,B. Lactated Ringer’s
C. 10% Dextrose in water (D10W)
D. 5% Dextrose in 0.45% Sodium Chloride
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; TPN solutions contain high concentrations of glucose, and sudden cessation
can lead to rebound hypoglycemia. Hanging D10W at the same infusion rate as the TPN
maintains blood glucose levels until the next TPN bag is available. Monitoring the client for
shakiness, diaphoresis, and confusion is essential during this period.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is not yet on dialysis.
Which of the following dietary restrictions should the nurse anticipate?
A. Increased intake of phosphorus and magnesium.
B. Restriction of protein, sodium, and potassium.
C. Unlimited fluid intake to flush the kidneys.
D. High-protein diet to prevent muscle wasting.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation; In pre-dialysis CKD, the kidneys cannot effectively excrete metabolic waste
products or maintain electrolyte balance. Restricting protein reduces the buildup of
nitrogenous waste, while sodium and potassium restrictions prevent fluid overload and
,cardiac arrhythmias. Dietitians often work closely with these patients to ensure caloric
needs are met through carbohydrates and fats.
4. A client has been diagnosed with Dumping Syndrome following a subtotal gastrectomy.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide? (Select All That Apply)
A. Drink at least 8 ounces of water with every meal.
B. Eat small, frequent meals throughout the day.
C. Include high-fiber, complex carbohydrates in the diet.
D. Lie down for 20 to 30 minutes after eating.
E. Avoid simple sugars and concentrated sweets.
F. Consume liquids between meals rather than with meals.
Correct Answer: B, D, E, F
Explanation; Dumping syndrome occurs when hyperosmolar gastric contents enter the
small intestine too rapidly. Management includes eating small meals, lying down after
eating to slow gastric emptying, and avoiding simple sugars which draw fluid into the gut.
Liquids should be consumed 30-60 minutes before or after meals rather than during them
to prevent rapid transit.
5. Which of the following clinical manifestations is most indicative of Refeeding Syndrome in
a severely malnourished client starting nutritional support?
A. Hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia
, B. Severe hypertension and bradycardia
C. Hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal shift in fluids and electrolytes that
occurs when nutritional support is reintroduced too quickly. As insulin is released, it drives
phosphate, potassium, and magnesium into the cells, depleting serum levels. This can lead
to cardiac failure, seizures, and respiratory distress if not monitored closely.
6. A nurse is teaching a pregnant client about nutrition. The nurse should explain that which
of the following nutrients is critical for preventing neural tube defects in the fetus?
A. Folic Acid
B. Iron
C. Vitamin A
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: A
Explanation; Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is essential for DNA synthesis and the closure of the
neural tube during early pregnancy. All women of childbearing age are encouraged to
consume 400 mcg daily, with pregnant women requiring 600 mcg. Deficiency significantly
increases the risk of spina bifida and anencephaly.
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 4) | Concordia
1. A nurse is preparing to administer a continuous enteral tube feeding to a client. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?
A. Position the client in a supine position during the feeding.
B. Check gastric residual volumes every 12 hours.
C. Administer the feeding as a rapid bolus to minimize time.
D. Keep the head of the bed elevated at least 30 to 45 degrees during and for 1 hour after
feeding.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Elevating the head of the bed is the primary nursing intervention to prevent
the reflux of gastric contents into the respiratory tract. Continuous feedings require
constant vigilance regarding positioning to ensure safety. The nurse should also monitor
for signs of intolerance such as abdominal distension or coughing.
2. A client is receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) via a central venous catheter. The
nurse notes that the current bag is empty and the new bag is not yet available from the
pharmacy. Which solution should the nurse hang in the interim?
A. 0.9% Sodium Chloride
,B. Lactated Ringer’s
C. 10% Dextrose in water (D10W)
D. 5% Dextrose in 0.45% Sodium Chloride
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; TPN solutions contain high concentrations of glucose, and sudden cessation
can lead to rebound hypoglycemia. Hanging D10W at the same infusion rate as the TPN
maintains blood glucose levels until the next TPN bag is available. Monitoring the client for
shakiness, diaphoresis, and confusion is essential during this period.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is not yet on dialysis.
Which of the following dietary restrictions should the nurse anticipate?
A. Increased intake of phosphorus and magnesium.
B. Restriction of protein, sodium, and potassium.
C. Unlimited fluid intake to flush the kidneys.
D. High-protein diet to prevent muscle wasting.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation; In pre-dialysis CKD, the kidneys cannot effectively excrete metabolic waste
products or maintain electrolyte balance. Restricting protein reduces the buildup of
nitrogenous waste, while sodium and potassium restrictions prevent fluid overload and
,cardiac arrhythmias. Dietitians often work closely with these patients to ensure caloric
needs are met through carbohydrates and fats.
4. A client has been diagnosed with Dumping Syndrome following a subtotal gastrectomy.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide? (Select All That Apply)
A. Drink at least 8 ounces of water with every meal.
B. Eat small, frequent meals throughout the day.
C. Include high-fiber, complex carbohydrates in the diet.
D. Lie down for 20 to 30 minutes after eating.
E. Avoid simple sugars and concentrated sweets.
F. Consume liquids between meals rather than with meals.
Correct Answer: B, D, E, F
Explanation; Dumping syndrome occurs when hyperosmolar gastric contents enter the
small intestine too rapidly. Management includes eating small meals, lying down after
eating to slow gastric emptying, and avoiding simple sugars which draw fluid into the gut.
Liquids should be consumed 30-60 minutes before or after meals rather than during them
to prevent rapid transit.
5. Which of the following clinical manifestations is most indicative of Refeeding Syndrome in
a severely malnourished client starting nutritional support?
A. Hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia
, B. Severe hypertension and bradycardia
C. Hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal shift in fluids and electrolytes that
occurs when nutritional support is reintroduced too quickly. As insulin is released, it drives
phosphate, potassium, and magnesium into the cells, depleting serum levels. This can lead
to cardiac failure, seizures, and respiratory distress if not monitored closely.
6. A nurse is teaching a pregnant client about nutrition. The nurse should explain that which
of the following nutrients is critical for preventing neural tube defects in the fetus?
A. Folic Acid
B. Iron
C. Vitamin A
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: A
Explanation; Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is essential for DNA synthesis and the closure of the
neural tube during early pregnancy. All women of childbearing age are encouraged to
consume 400 mcg daily, with pregnant women requiring 600 mcg. Deficiency significantly
increases the risk of spina bifida and anencephaly.
