BIOL 122 Exam 2 V2 | BIOL 122 Nutrition
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 2) | Concordia
1. A nurse is preparing to administer a continuous tube feeding to a client with a nasogastric
tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?
A. Keep the head of the bed flat during the feeding.
B. Flush the tube with 100 mL of water before feeding.
C. Check the gastric residual volume every 12 hours.
D. Elevate the head of the bed to at least 30 to 45 degrees.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Elevating the head of the bed to 30 to 45 degrees helps prevent the reflux of
gastric contents into the esophagus and airway. The nurse should maintain this position for
at least 30 to 60 minutes after intermittent feedings. Failure to elevate the bed significantly
increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia in tube-fed patients.
2. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is learning about carbohydrate counting. Which of the
following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. I can swap a piece of fruit for a slice of bread.
B. I should avoid all carbohydrates to keep my blood sugar low.
C. One serving of carbohydrates is roughly 15 grams.
,D. Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that is not fully absorbed.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation; Diabetes management focuses on the consistency and quality of
carbohydrates rather than total elimination. Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy
source and should comprise about 45% to 65% of total caloric intake. Restricting all
carbohydrates can lead to hypoglycemia or nutritional deficiencies.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who is not on dialysis.
Which dietary restriction should the nurse expect the provider to order?
A. Increased protein intake
B. Unlimited fluid intake
C. High sodium intake
D. Decreased phosphorus intake
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; In CKD, the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete phosphorus, leading to
hyperphosphatemia and bone disease. Patients are often required to limit high-phosphorus
foods like dairy, nuts, and dark sodas. Protein is also typically restricted in the pre-dialysis
stage to reduce the workload on the kidneys.
4. Select All That Apply (SATA): Which of the following are signs of refeeding syndrome in a
severely malnourished patient receiving parenteral nutrition?
A. Hypophosphatemia
, B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Fluid retention and edema
E. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Explanation; Refeeding syndrome is a metabolic complication that occurs when nutrition
is reintroduced too quickly to a malnourished patient. It is characterized by a rapid shift of
electrolytes from the blood into the cells, causing low levels of phosphorus, potassium, and
magnesium. Fluid overload and cardiac arrhythmias are common clinical manifestations of
this life-threatening condition.
5. A client is diagnosed with Pellagra. The nurse understands that this condition is caused by a
deficiency in which vitamin?
A. Thiamin (B1)
B. Riboflavin (B2)
C. Cobalamin (B12)
D. Niacin (B3)
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Pellagra is caused by a severe deficiency of Niacin (Vitamin B3) or its
precursor, tryptophan. The condition is classically described by the ‘four Ds’: diarrhea,
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 2) | Concordia
1. A nurse is preparing to administer a continuous tube feeding to a client with a nasogastric
tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?
A. Keep the head of the bed flat during the feeding.
B. Flush the tube with 100 mL of water before feeding.
C. Check the gastric residual volume every 12 hours.
D. Elevate the head of the bed to at least 30 to 45 degrees.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Elevating the head of the bed to 30 to 45 degrees helps prevent the reflux of
gastric contents into the esophagus and airway. The nurse should maintain this position for
at least 30 to 60 minutes after intermittent feedings. Failure to elevate the bed significantly
increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia in tube-fed patients.
2. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is learning about carbohydrate counting. Which of the
following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. I can swap a piece of fruit for a slice of bread.
B. I should avoid all carbohydrates to keep my blood sugar low.
C. One serving of carbohydrates is roughly 15 grams.
,D. Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that is not fully absorbed.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation; Diabetes management focuses on the consistency and quality of
carbohydrates rather than total elimination. Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy
source and should comprise about 45% to 65% of total caloric intake. Restricting all
carbohydrates can lead to hypoglycemia or nutritional deficiencies.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who is not on dialysis.
Which dietary restriction should the nurse expect the provider to order?
A. Increased protein intake
B. Unlimited fluid intake
C. High sodium intake
D. Decreased phosphorus intake
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; In CKD, the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete phosphorus, leading to
hyperphosphatemia and bone disease. Patients are often required to limit high-phosphorus
foods like dairy, nuts, and dark sodas. Protein is also typically restricted in the pre-dialysis
stage to reduce the workload on the kidneys.
4. Select All That Apply (SATA): Which of the following are signs of refeeding syndrome in a
severely malnourished patient receiving parenteral nutrition?
A. Hypophosphatemia
, B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Fluid retention and edema
E. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Explanation; Refeeding syndrome is a metabolic complication that occurs when nutrition
is reintroduced too quickly to a malnourished patient. It is characterized by a rapid shift of
electrolytes from the blood into the cells, causing low levels of phosphorus, potassium, and
magnesium. Fluid overload and cardiac arrhythmias are common clinical manifestations of
this life-threatening condition.
5. A client is diagnosed with Pellagra. The nurse understands that this condition is caused by a
deficiency in which vitamin?
A. Thiamin (B1)
B. Riboflavin (B2)
C. Cobalamin (B12)
D. Niacin (B3)
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Pellagra is caused by a severe deficiency of Niacin (Vitamin B3) or its
precursor, tryptophan. The condition is classically described by the ‘four Ds’: diarrhea,
