BIOL 122 Exam 1 V2 | BIOL 122 Nutrition
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 1) | Concordia
1. A nurse is calculating the total caloric intake for a patient who consumed 20 grams of fat,
50 grams of carbohydrates, and 30 grams of protein. What is the total kilocalorie count for
this meal?
A. 400 kcal
B. 610 kcal
C. 520 kcal
D. 500 kcal
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; The calculation is based on the energy yield of macronutrients where
carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g and fats provide 9 kcal/g. Calculating 50g
carbs x 4 = 200, 30g protein x 4 = 120, and 20g fat x 9 = 180. The sum of 200 + 120 + 180
equals 500 kcal exactly.
2. A client is diagnosed with a deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins. Which of the following
vitamins should the nurse expect to be affected? (Select all that apply)
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
,C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
E. Vitamin K
F. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Explanation; Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K, which are stored in the liver and
adipose tissue. Unlike water-soluble vitamins, these require bile for absorption and can
reach toxic levels if taken in excess. Vitamins C and B12 are water-soluble and are generally
excreted in the urine when levels are high.
3. Which statement by a patient regarding the intake of insoluble fiber indicates an
understanding of its health benefits?
A. It helps lower my blood cholesterol levels.
B. It slows down the absorption of sugar in my blood.
C. It will help prevent constipation by increasing stool bulk.
D. It is found mainly in citrus fruits and oats.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and acts as a laxative by speeding
up the passage of food through the digestive tract. It is primarily found in whole grains and
, vegetables rather than fruits or oats. This type of fiber is essential for maintaining regular
bowel movements and preventing diverticulosis.
4. A nurse is assessing a patient for protein-calorie malnutrition. Which of the following
clinical findings would most likely indicate a state of negative nitrogen balance?
A. A healing surgical wound
B. Pregnancy in the second trimester
C. Rapid muscle growth in an adolescent
D. Severe body burns or trauma
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body excretes more nitrogen
than it takes in, often during periods of starvation or severe physical stress. Conditions like
major burns or infections cause the body to break down muscle protein for energy and
repair. Conversely, pregnancy and growth periods typically result in a positive nitrogen
balance as the body builds new tissue.
5. The nurse is educating a client on the importance of complex carbohydrates. Which of the
following should the nurse include as a primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
A. Providing the preferred source of fuel for the brain
B. Building and repairing muscle tissue
C. Serving as the primary storage site for fat-soluble vitamins
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 1) | Concordia
1. A nurse is calculating the total caloric intake for a patient who consumed 20 grams of fat,
50 grams of carbohydrates, and 30 grams of protein. What is the total kilocalorie count for
this meal?
A. 400 kcal
B. 610 kcal
C. 520 kcal
D. 500 kcal
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; The calculation is based on the energy yield of macronutrients where
carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g and fats provide 9 kcal/g. Calculating 50g
carbs x 4 = 200, 30g protein x 4 = 120, and 20g fat x 9 = 180. The sum of 200 + 120 + 180
equals 500 kcal exactly.
2. A client is diagnosed with a deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins. Which of the following
vitamins should the nurse expect to be affected? (Select all that apply)
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
,C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
E. Vitamin K
F. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Explanation; Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K, which are stored in the liver and
adipose tissue. Unlike water-soluble vitamins, these require bile for absorption and can
reach toxic levels if taken in excess. Vitamins C and B12 are water-soluble and are generally
excreted in the urine when levels are high.
3. Which statement by a patient regarding the intake of insoluble fiber indicates an
understanding of its health benefits?
A. It helps lower my blood cholesterol levels.
B. It slows down the absorption of sugar in my blood.
C. It will help prevent constipation by increasing stool bulk.
D. It is found mainly in citrus fruits and oats.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and acts as a laxative by speeding
up the passage of food through the digestive tract. It is primarily found in whole grains and
, vegetables rather than fruits or oats. This type of fiber is essential for maintaining regular
bowel movements and preventing diverticulosis.
4. A nurse is assessing a patient for protein-calorie malnutrition. Which of the following
clinical findings would most likely indicate a state of negative nitrogen balance?
A. A healing surgical wound
B. Pregnancy in the second trimester
C. Rapid muscle growth in an adolescent
D. Severe body burns or trauma
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body excretes more nitrogen
than it takes in, often during periods of starvation or severe physical stress. Conditions like
major burns or infections cause the body to break down muscle protein for energy and
repair. Conversely, pregnancy and growth periods typically result in a positive nitrogen
balance as the body builds new tissue.
5. The nurse is educating a client on the importance of complex carbohydrates. Which of the
following should the nurse include as a primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
A. Providing the preferred source of fuel for the brain
B. Building and repairing muscle tissue
C. Serving as the primary storage site for fat-soluble vitamins
