BIOL 122 Exam 4 V3 | BIOL 122 Nutrition
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 4) | Concordia
1. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is in the first trimester of pregnancy. What is
the recommended daily increase in caloric intake during the first trimester?
A. 0 kcal/day
B. 450 kcal/day
C. 340 kcal/day
D. 500 kcal/day
Correct Answer: A
Explanation; Energy needs do not significantly increase during the first trimester of
pregnancy. Weight gain recommendations during this period primarily focus on the
mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI and maintaining nutrient density without excess calories. It is
not until the second and third trimesters that caloric needs increase by approximately 340
and 450 calories per day, respectively.
2. Which of the following nutrients is most critical for preventing neural tube defects in the
developing fetus?
A. Vitamin C
B. Iron
,C. Calcium
D. Folic Acid
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and the closure of the neural tube
within the first 28 days of pregnancy. Inadequate intake is directly linked to defects such as
spina bifida and anencephaly. Experts recommend that all women of childbearing age
consume 400 mcg of synthetic folic acid daily from fortified foods or supplements.
3. A mother is concerned about when to introduce solid foods to her 4-month-old infant.
According to current guidelines, what is the optimal age to begin introducing solids?
A. 2 to 3 months
B. 8 to 10 months
C. 4 to 6 months
D. 12 months
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Solid foods should generally be introduced between 4 and 6 months of age
when the infant shows signs of developmental readiness. These signs include the ability to
sit up with support and the disappearance of the extrusion reflex. Introducing solids too
early may lead to overfeeding or allergies, while starting too late may result in nutrient
deficiencies, particularly iron.
,4. Which condition is characterized by a physiological decline in lean body mass and strength
in the elderly population?
A. Dysphagia
B. Xerostomia
C. Presbyopia
D. Sarcopenia
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Sarcopenia refers to the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and
function, which increases the risk of falls and disability. This condition is often exacerbated
by poor protein intake and a sedentary lifestyle in older adults. Nutritional interventions
focus on high-quality protein consumption paired with resistance exercise to maintain
muscle integrity.
5. Select All That Apply (SATA): Which of the following are benefits of breastfeeding for the
infant?
A. Provides antibodies (immunoglobulins)
B. Reduces the risk of SIDS
C. Provides high levels of Vitamin D
D. Promotes better jaw development
E. Lowers risk of childhood obesity
, F. Increases risk of food allergies
Correct Answer: ABDE
Explanation; Breast milk contains immunological factors that protect the infant from
infections and chronic diseases. It is associated with a lower incidence of SIDS and
promotes optimal physical development of the jaw and teeth. However, breast milk is
naturally low in Vitamin D, so infants typically require supplementation starting shortly
after birth.
6. A client with Type 2 Diabetes is taught about the Glycemic Index (GI). Which statement by
the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. I should eat foods with a high GI to keep my energy up.
B. All fruits have a high GI and should be avoided.
C. The GI measures how quickly a food raises blood glucose levels.
D. The GI is only useful for people with Type 1 Diabetes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; The Glycemic Index is a tool used to rank carbohydrate-containing foods
based on their immediate effect on blood sugar levels. Choosing foods with a lower GI can
help manage postprandial glucose spikes and improve long-term glycemic control. This
management strategy is relevant for individuals with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 4) | Concordia
1. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is in the first trimester of pregnancy. What is
the recommended daily increase in caloric intake during the first trimester?
A. 0 kcal/day
B. 450 kcal/day
C. 340 kcal/day
D. 500 kcal/day
Correct Answer: A
Explanation; Energy needs do not significantly increase during the first trimester of
pregnancy. Weight gain recommendations during this period primarily focus on the
mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI and maintaining nutrient density without excess calories. It is
not until the second and third trimesters that caloric needs increase by approximately 340
and 450 calories per day, respectively.
2. Which of the following nutrients is most critical for preventing neural tube defects in the
developing fetus?
A. Vitamin C
B. Iron
,C. Calcium
D. Folic Acid
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and the closure of the neural tube
within the first 28 days of pregnancy. Inadequate intake is directly linked to defects such as
spina bifida and anencephaly. Experts recommend that all women of childbearing age
consume 400 mcg of synthetic folic acid daily from fortified foods or supplements.
3. A mother is concerned about when to introduce solid foods to her 4-month-old infant.
According to current guidelines, what is the optimal age to begin introducing solids?
A. 2 to 3 months
B. 8 to 10 months
C. 4 to 6 months
D. 12 months
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Solid foods should generally be introduced between 4 and 6 months of age
when the infant shows signs of developmental readiness. These signs include the ability to
sit up with support and the disappearance of the extrusion reflex. Introducing solids too
early may lead to overfeeding or allergies, while starting too late may result in nutrient
deficiencies, particularly iron.
,4. Which condition is characterized by a physiological decline in lean body mass and strength
in the elderly population?
A. Dysphagia
B. Xerostomia
C. Presbyopia
D. Sarcopenia
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Sarcopenia refers to the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and
function, which increases the risk of falls and disability. This condition is often exacerbated
by poor protein intake and a sedentary lifestyle in older adults. Nutritional interventions
focus on high-quality protein consumption paired with resistance exercise to maintain
muscle integrity.
5. Select All That Apply (SATA): Which of the following are benefits of breastfeeding for the
infant?
A. Provides antibodies (immunoglobulins)
B. Reduces the risk of SIDS
C. Provides high levels of Vitamin D
D. Promotes better jaw development
E. Lowers risk of childhood obesity
, F. Increases risk of food allergies
Correct Answer: ABDE
Explanation; Breast milk contains immunological factors that protect the infant from
infections and chronic diseases. It is associated with a lower incidence of SIDS and
promotes optimal physical development of the jaw and teeth. However, breast milk is
naturally low in Vitamin D, so infants typically require supplementation starting shortly
after birth.
6. A client with Type 2 Diabetes is taught about the Glycemic Index (GI). Which statement by
the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. I should eat foods with a high GI to keep my energy up.
B. All fruits have a high GI and should be avoided.
C. The GI measures how quickly a food raises blood glucose levels.
D. The GI is only useful for people with Type 1 Diabetes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; The Glycemic Index is a tool used to rank carbohydrate-containing foods
based on their immediate effect on blood sugar levels. Choosing foods with a lower GI can
help manage postprandial glucose spikes and improve long-term glycemic control. This
management strategy is relevant for individuals with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
