HESI PN MEDICAL SURGICAL NGN EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2026-2027 UPDATED GUARANTEED PASS....
.
Question 1
A client with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which assessment finding
indicates the medication is effective?
A) Increased jugular venous distention
B) Weight loss of 2 lbs in 24 hours
C) Crackles in lung bases
D) Blood pressure 150/90 mmHg
Answer: B) Weight loss of 2 lbs in 24 hours
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to reduce fluid volume. Weight loss
indicates effective diuresis. JVD, crackles, and hypertension indicate fluid
overload.
Question 2
A client post-op day 1 from a total knee replacement reports sudden shortness of
breath and chest pain. What is the priority action?
,A) Administer oxygen
B) Call the provider
C) Assess vital signs
D) Elevate the head of the bed
Answer: A) Administer oxygen
Rationale: These symptoms suggest a pulmonary embolism. Oxygenation is the
priority, followed by notifying the provider and assessing vitals.
Question 3
Which lab value is most concerning in a client with cirrhosis?
A) Ammonia 70 mcg/dL
B) Albumin 3.5 g/dL
C) Bilirubin 1.0 mg/dL
D) INR 1.2
Answer: A) Ammonia 70 mcg/dL
Rationale: Elevated ammonia (normal 15–45) indicates hepatic encephalopathy.
Low albumin, high bilirubin, and elevated INR are also seen but ammonia
elevation is acutely dangerous.
,Question 4
A client with COPD has an SpO2 of 88%. Which intervention should the nurse
implement first?
A) Apply oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula
B) Encourage deep breathing
C) Place in high Fowler's position
D) Notify respiratory therapy
Answer: C) Place in high Fowler's position
Rationale: Positioning improves ventilation and oxygenation. Oxygen should be
applied cautiously in COPD to avoid hypoxic drive suppression.
Question 5
Which dietary instruction is appropriate for a client with acute pancreatitis?
A) High-fat diet
B) Low-protein diet
C) Low-fat, bland diet
D) High-carbohydrate diet
, Answer: C) Low-fat, bland diet
Rationale: Low-fat diet reduces stimulation of the pancreas and decreases pain.
Question 6
A client with diabetes mellitus type 2 is prescribed metformin. Which side effect
should the nurse teach?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Weight gain
C) Lactic acidosis
D) Bradycardia
Answer: C) Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, especially in renal impairment or
dehydration.
Question 7
Which finding indicates hypokalemia in a client taking digoxin?
A) Muscle spasms
B) Hyperreflexia
C) Fatigue and weakness
2026-2027 UPDATED GUARANTEED PASS....
.
Question 1
A client with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which assessment finding
indicates the medication is effective?
A) Increased jugular venous distention
B) Weight loss of 2 lbs in 24 hours
C) Crackles in lung bases
D) Blood pressure 150/90 mmHg
Answer: B) Weight loss of 2 lbs in 24 hours
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to reduce fluid volume. Weight loss
indicates effective diuresis. JVD, crackles, and hypertension indicate fluid
overload.
Question 2
A client post-op day 1 from a total knee replacement reports sudden shortness of
breath and chest pain. What is the priority action?
,A) Administer oxygen
B) Call the provider
C) Assess vital signs
D) Elevate the head of the bed
Answer: A) Administer oxygen
Rationale: These symptoms suggest a pulmonary embolism. Oxygenation is the
priority, followed by notifying the provider and assessing vitals.
Question 3
Which lab value is most concerning in a client with cirrhosis?
A) Ammonia 70 mcg/dL
B) Albumin 3.5 g/dL
C) Bilirubin 1.0 mg/dL
D) INR 1.2
Answer: A) Ammonia 70 mcg/dL
Rationale: Elevated ammonia (normal 15–45) indicates hepatic encephalopathy.
Low albumin, high bilirubin, and elevated INR are also seen but ammonia
elevation is acutely dangerous.
,Question 4
A client with COPD has an SpO2 of 88%. Which intervention should the nurse
implement first?
A) Apply oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula
B) Encourage deep breathing
C) Place in high Fowler's position
D) Notify respiratory therapy
Answer: C) Place in high Fowler's position
Rationale: Positioning improves ventilation and oxygenation. Oxygen should be
applied cautiously in COPD to avoid hypoxic drive suppression.
Question 5
Which dietary instruction is appropriate for a client with acute pancreatitis?
A) High-fat diet
B) Low-protein diet
C) Low-fat, bland diet
D) High-carbohydrate diet
, Answer: C) Low-fat, bland diet
Rationale: Low-fat diet reduces stimulation of the pancreas and decreases pain.
Question 6
A client with diabetes mellitus type 2 is prescribed metformin. Which side effect
should the nurse teach?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Weight gain
C) Lactic acidosis
D) Bradycardia
Answer: C) Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, especially in renal impairment or
dehydration.
Question 7
Which finding indicates hypokalemia in a client taking digoxin?
A) Muscle spasms
B) Hyperreflexia
C) Fatigue and weakness
