PSYCHOLOGY 2301 REVISION EXAMS 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Case Studies - ✔✔Research method in which the researcher takes an in-depth look
at a single individual.
✔✔Correlational Studies - ✔✔Research method that exposes the relationship between
two variables.
✔✔Surveys - ✔✔A series of questions given in test form.
>Self-report
✔✔Experimental Studies - ✔✔Research method in which the researcher manipulates a
variable to present changes.
✔✔Cross-Sectional Research - ✔✔Research done on a number of people, at different
ages, who are assessed at one point in time.
✔✔Longitudinal Research - ✔✔Research done on the same participants over a long
period of time.
✔✔Population - ✔✔The entire group about which the investigator wants to draw
conclusions from.
✔✔Sample - ✔✔A collection of subjects selected for observation in a research method
study.
✔✔Representative Sample - ✔✔A sample that reflects the characteristics of the
population from which it is drawn.
✔✔Experimental Group - ✔✔The group that receives the special treatment.
✔✔Control Group - ✔✔Group that receives placebo.
✔✔Placebo - ✔✔Empty, fake treatments that provide expectations for the control and
experimental groups.
✔✔Placebo Effect - ✔✔Fake experimental results caused by expectations alone.
✔✔APA Guidelines of Ethics - ✔✔Enforced to prevent harm to subjects
>Participation should be voluntary; "informed concent"
>Subject should not be exposed to harmful procedures
>If requires deception, researcher must debrief
>Harmful procedures upon animals must be justified.
, >Approval should be obtained from institutions and review committee
✔✔Neuron - ✔✔Nerve cells/Brain cells that receive and transmit information.
✔✔Glial Cell - ✔✔Mom cell; Clean up after brain cells and provide nourishment.
✔✔Dendrite - ✔✔A neuron's bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and
conduct impulses toward the cell body.
✔✔Synapse - ✔✔A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the
next.
✔✔Synaptic Vesicles - ✔✔Tiny pouches or sacs in the axon terminals that contain
chemicals called neurotransmitters.
✔✔Neurotransmitters - ✔✔Chemicals contained in terminal buttons that enable neurons
to communicate. Neurotransmitters fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of neurons,
like a key would fit into a lock.
✔✔Central Nervous System - ✔✔A subdivision of the human nervous system
comprising the brain and spinal cord. Transmits & receives messages to & from the
PNS
>Contains brain and spinal chord
✔✔Peripheral Nervous System - ✔✔>Cranial nerves, spinal nerves
>Carries information away from the brain
✔✔Autonomic Nervous System - ✔✔>"involuntary"
>Contains sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
>>"Auto" = Automatic
✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔Fight or Flight
✔✔Parasympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔Rest and Digestion
>>"Para" = Paralyze
✔✔Cerebellum - ✔✔Controls coordination, balance, and movement
✔✔Hippocampus - ✔✔Controls memory
✔✔Hypothalmus - ✔✔>Controls endocrine system
>Control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and body
temperature
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Case Studies - ✔✔Research method in which the researcher takes an in-depth look
at a single individual.
✔✔Correlational Studies - ✔✔Research method that exposes the relationship between
two variables.
✔✔Surveys - ✔✔A series of questions given in test form.
>Self-report
✔✔Experimental Studies - ✔✔Research method in which the researcher manipulates a
variable to present changes.
✔✔Cross-Sectional Research - ✔✔Research done on a number of people, at different
ages, who are assessed at one point in time.
✔✔Longitudinal Research - ✔✔Research done on the same participants over a long
period of time.
✔✔Population - ✔✔The entire group about which the investigator wants to draw
conclusions from.
✔✔Sample - ✔✔A collection of subjects selected for observation in a research method
study.
✔✔Representative Sample - ✔✔A sample that reflects the characteristics of the
population from which it is drawn.
✔✔Experimental Group - ✔✔The group that receives the special treatment.
✔✔Control Group - ✔✔Group that receives placebo.
✔✔Placebo - ✔✔Empty, fake treatments that provide expectations for the control and
experimental groups.
✔✔Placebo Effect - ✔✔Fake experimental results caused by expectations alone.
✔✔APA Guidelines of Ethics - ✔✔Enforced to prevent harm to subjects
>Participation should be voluntary; "informed concent"
>Subject should not be exposed to harmful procedures
>If requires deception, researcher must debrief
>Harmful procedures upon animals must be justified.
, >Approval should be obtained from institutions and review committee
✔✔Neuron - ✔✔Nerve cells/Brain cells that receive and transmit information.
✔✔Glial Cell - ✔✔Mom cell; Clean up after brain cells and provide nourishment.
✔✔Dendrite - ✔✔A neuron's bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and
conduct impulses toward the cell body.
✔✔Synapse - ✔✔A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the
next.
✔✔Synaptic Vesicles - ✔✔Tiny pouches or sacs in the axon terminals that contain
chemicals called neurotransmitters.
✔✔Neurotransmitters - ✔✔Chemicals contained in terminal buttons that enable neurons
to communicate. Neurotransmitters fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of neurons,
like a key would fit into a lock.
✔✔Central Nervous System - ✔✔A subdivision of the human nervous system
comprising the brain and spinal cord. Transmits & receives messages to & from the
PNS
>Contains brain and spinal chord
✔✔Peripheral Nervous System - ✔✔>Cranial nerves, spinal nerves
>Carries information away from the brain
✔✔Autonomic Nervous System - ✔✔>"involuntary"
>Contains sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
>>"Auto" = Automatic
✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔Fight or Flight
✔✔Parasympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔Rest and Digestion
>>"Para" = Paralyze
✔✔Cerebellum - ✔✔Controls coordination, balance, and movement
✔✔Hippocampus - ✔✔Controls memory
✔✔Hypothalmus - ✔✔>Controls endocrine system
>Control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and body
temperature
