COGNITION AND SENSATION LATEST EXAM SET
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Accommodation - ✔✔the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus
near or far objects on the retina
✔✔Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory - ✔✔3 corresponding color receptors
Retina contains 3 colors when combined can make any color. Red,green, blue.
✔✔trichromatic theory - ✔✔theory of color vision that proposes three types of cones:
red, blue, and green
✔✔opponent-process theory - ✔✔the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green,
yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. Cell stimulated by color
✔✔Afterimages - ✔✔Sensations that linger after the stimulus is removed
✔✔Dicromatisism - ✔✔Color blindness of only 2-3 primary colors
✔✔monochromatism (color blindness) - ✔✔lack of ability to distinguish colors
Due to absence/disfunction of cone cells
✔✔parallel processing - ✔✔the processing of many aspects of a problem
simultaneously
✔✔Blindsight - ✔✔Ability to respond to visual stimuli without conscious awareness.
✔✔Prosopagnosia - ✔✔inability to recognize faces
✔✔Frequency - ✔✔the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given
time
✔✔Pitch - ✔✔How high or low a sound is
✔✔Amplitude - ✔✔Height of a wave, loudness
✔✔sensorineural hearing loss (nerve deafness) - ✔✔failure to transmit neural signals
from the cochlea to the brain
Most common
Damage to the inner ear(cochlea) - cannot be cured
✔✔Conduction hearing loss - ✔✔less common, caused by damage to the mechanical
system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
, Blockage!
✔✔Cochlea - ✔✔a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound
waves trigger nerve impulses
✔✔place theory (place coding) - ✔✔links the pitch we hear with the place where the
cochlea's membrane is stimulated
Where on the cochlea it hits
✔✔Frequency theory (temporal coding) - ✔✔the theory that the rate of nerve impulses
traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to
sense its pitch.
How fast its traveling
✔✔volley principle - ✔✔Cells taking turns firing will increase the maximum firing rate for
a group of cells.
✔✔Sound localization - ✔✔the process by which the location of sound is determined
✔✔gate-control theory - ✔✔theory that explains how the nervous system blocks or
allows pain signals to pass to the brain
✔✔phantom limb sensation - ✔✔the perception of sensations or pain in an amputated
limb.
✔✔Gestation - ✔✔sense of taste
✔✔Olfaction - ✔✔sense of smell
✔✔Pheromones - ✔✔odorless chemicals that serve as social signals to members of
one's species
✔✔Kinethesis - ✔✔Movement sense
✔✔Vestibular sense - ✔✔sense of balance
✔✔semicircular canals - ✔✔passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining
balance
✔✔sensory interaction - ✔✔one sense may influence another
✔✔embodied cognition - ✔✔the mutual influence of bodily sensations on cognitive
preferences and social judgments
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Accommodation - ✔✔the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus
near or far objects on the retina
✔✔Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory - ✔✔3 corresponding color receptors
Retina contains 3 colors when combined can make any color. Red,green, blue.
✔✔trichromatic theory - ✔✔theory of color vision that proposes three types of cones:
red, blue, and green
✔✔opponent-process theory - ✔✔the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green,
yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. Cell stimulated by color
✔✔Afterimages - ✔✔Sensations that linger after the stimulus is removed
✔✔Dicromatisism - ✔✔Color blindness of only 2-3 primary colors
✔✔monochromatism (color blindness) - ✔✔lack of ability to distinguish colors
Due to absence/disfunction of cone cells
✔✔parallel processing - ✔✔the processing of many aspects of a problem
simultaneously
✔✔Blindsight - ✔✔Ability to respond to visual stimuli without conscious awareness.
✔✔Prosopagnosia - ✔✔inability to recognize faces
✔✔Frequency - ✔✔the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given
time
✔✔Pitch - ✔✔How high or low a sound is
✔✔Amplitude - ✔✔Height of a wave, loudness
✔✔sensorineural hearing loss (nerve deafness) - ✔✔failure to transmit neural signals
from the cochlea to the brain
Most common
Damage to the inner ear(cochlea) - cannot be cured
✔✔Conduction hearing loss - ✔✔less common, caused by damage to the mechanical
system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
, Blockage!
✔✔Cochlea - ✔✔a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound
waves trigger nerve impulses
✔✔place theory (place coding) - ✔✔links the pitch we hear with the place where the
cochlea's membrane is stimulated
Where on the cochlea it hits
✔✔Frequency theory (temporal coding) - ✔✔the theory that the rate of nerve impulses
traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to
sense its pitch.
How fast its traveling
✔✔volley principle - ✔✔Cells taking turns firing will increase the maximum firing rate for
a group of cells.
✔✔Sound localization - ✔✔the process by which the location of sound is determined
✔✔gate-control theory - ✔✔theory that explains how the nervous system blocks or
allows pain signals to pass to the brain
✔✔phantom limb sensation - ✔✔the perception of sensations or pain in an amputated
limb.
✔✔Gestation - ✔✔sense of taste
✔✔Olfaction - ✔✔sense of smell
✔✔Pheromones - ✔✔odorless chemicals that serve as social signals to members of
one's species
✔✔Kinethesis - ✔✔Movement sense
✔✔Vestibular sense - ✔✔sense of balance
✔✔semicircular canals - ✔✔passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining
balance
✔✔sensory interaction - ✔✔one sense may influence another
✔✔embodied cognition - ✔✔the mutual influence of bodily sensations on cognitive
preferences and social judgments
