EXPH 240 CORE EXAMS SET 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb) - ✔✔a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin
(expressed in grams)
✔✔hematocrit (HCT or Hct) - ✔✔a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood
cells in a given volume of blood
✔✔blood indices - ✔✔calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the
average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells to classify an
anemia
✔✔corpuscular - ✔✔pertains to a blood cell
✔✔mea corpuscular volume (MCV) - ✔✔calculation of the volume of individual red
blood cells using HCT and RBC results: MCV = HCT/RBC
✔✔mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) - ✔✔calculation of the content (weight) of
hemoglobin in the average red blood cell using HGB and RBC results: MCH =
HGB/RBC
✔✔mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) - ✔✔calculation of the
average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results:
MCHC = HGB/HCT
✔✔differential count - ✔✔determination of the number of each type of white blood cell in
a stained blood smear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage of total
examined
✔✔types of leukocytes - ✔✔lymphocytes
monocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
✔✔red cell morphology - ✔✔as part of identifying and counting the white blood cells,
the condition, size, and shape of red blood cells in the background of the smeared slide
are noted
✔✔platelet count (PLT) - ✔✔calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood; the
normal adult range is 150,000-450,000 platelets in a given volume of blood
,✔✔bone marrow aspiration - ✔✔needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic
examination
✔✔bone marrow biopsy - ✔✔pathologic examination of bone marrow tissue
✔✔lymphangiogram - ✔✔an x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel obtained after
injection of a contrast medium
✔✔computed tomography (CT) - ✔✔full body x-ray CT images are used to detect
tumors and cancers such as lymphoma; CT of the thorax is used to detect lesions in the
lung; CT of the head is used to visualize the structures of the nose and sinuses
✔✔positron-emission tomography (PET) - ✔✔scanning technique combining nuclear
medicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of anatomy and
metabolic function within the body; useful in determining the recurrence of cancers or to
measure response to therapy; commonly used in evaluating lymphoma
✔✔bone marrow transplant - ✔✔transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a
compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production
✔✔lymphadenectomy - ✔✔removal of a lymph node
✔✔lymphadenotomy - ✔✔incision into a lymph node
✔✔lymph node dissection - ✔✔removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for
pathologic examination
✔✔splenectomy - ✔✔removal of the spleen
✔✔thymectomy - ✔✔removal of the thymus gland
✔✔blood transfusion - ✔✔introduction of blood products into the circulation of a
recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner
✔✔autologous blood - ✔✔blood donated by and stored for a patient for future personal
use (e.g., upcoming surgery)
✔✔homologous blood - ✔✔blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a
compatible recipient
✔✔blood component therapy - ✔✔transfusion of a specific blood component, such as
packed red blood cells, platelets, or plasma
, ✔✔cross-matching - ✔✔method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a
sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
✔✔chemotherapy - ✔✔treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with
chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
✔✔immunotherapy - ✔✔use of biologic agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating
the body's own defense mechanisms, as seen in the treatment of AIDS, cancer or
allergy
✔✔plasmapheresis - ✔✔removal of plasma from the body with separation and
extraction of specific elements followed by reinfusion
✔✔anticoagulant - ✔✔a drug that prevents clotting of the blood
✔✔hemostatic - ✔✔a drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels
✔✔vasoconstrictor - ✔✔a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, thereby
decreasing blood flow
✔✔vasodilator - ✔✔a drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, thereby increasing
blood flow
✔✔alveol/o - ✔✔alveolus (air sac)
✔✔bronch/o, bronchi/o - ✔✔bronchus (airway)
✔✔bronchiol/o - ✔✔bronchiole (little airway)
✔✔capn/o, carb/o - ✔✔carbon dioxide
✔✔laryng/o - ✔✔larynx (voice box)
✔✔lob/o - ✔✔lobe (a portion)
✔✔nas/o, rhin/o - ✔✔nose
✔✔or/o - ✔✔mouth
✔✔ox/o - ✔✔oxygen
✔✔palat/o - ✔✔palate
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb) - ✔✔a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin
(expressed in grams)
✔✔hematocrit (HCT or Hct) - ✔✔a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood
cells in a given volume of blood
✔✔blood indices - ✔✔calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the
average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells to classify an
anemia
✔✔corpuscular - ✔✔pertains to a blood cell
✔✔mea corpuscular volume (MCV) - ✔✔calculation of the volume of individual red
blood cells using HCT and RBC results: MCV = HCT/RBC
✔✔mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) - ✔✔calculation of the content (weight) of
hemoglobin in the average red blood cell using HGB and RBC results: MCH =
HGB/RBC
✔✔mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) - ✔✔calculation of the
average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results:
MCHC = HGB/HCT
✔✔differential count - ✔✔determination of the number of each type of white blood cell in
a stained blood smear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage of total
examined
✔✔types of leukocytes - ✔✔lymphocytes
monocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
✔✔red cell morphology - ✔✔as part of identifying and counting the white blood cells,
the condition, size, and shape of red blood cells in the background of the smeared slide
are noted
✔✔platelet count (PLT) - ✔✔calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood; the
normal adult range is 150,000-450,000 platelets in a given volume of blood
,✔✔bone marrow aspiration - ✔✔needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic
examination
✔✔bone marrow biopsy - ✔✔pathologic examination of bone marrow tissue
✔✔lymphangiogram - ✔✔an x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel obtained after
injection of a contrast medium
✔✔computed tomography (CT) - ✔✔full body x-ray CT images are used to detect
tumors and cancers such as lymphoma; CT of the thorax is used to detect lesions in the
lung; CT of the head is used to visualize the structures of the nose and sinuses
✔✔positron-emission tomography (PET) - ✔✔scanning technique combining nuclear
medicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of anatomy and
metabolic function within the body; useful in determining the recurrence of cancers or to
measure response to therapy; commonly used in evaluating lymphoma
✔✔bone marrow transplant - ✔✔transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a
compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production
✔✔lymphadenectomy - ✔✔removal of a lymph node
✔✔lymphadenotomy - ✔✔incision into a lymph node
✔✔lymph node dissection - ✔✔removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for
pathologic examination
✔✔splenectomy - ✔✔removal of the spleen
✔✔thymectomy - ✔✔removal of the thymus gland
✔✔blood transfusion - ✔✔introduction of blood products into the circulation of a
recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner
✔✔autologous blood - ✔✔blood donated by and stored for a patient for future personal
use (e.g., upcoming surgery)
✔✔homologous blood - ✔✔blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a
compatible recipient
✔✔blood component therapy - ✔✔transfusion of a specific blood component, such as
packed red blood cells, platelets, or plasma
, ✔✔cross-matching - ✔✔method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a
sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
✔✔chemotherapy - ✔✔treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with
chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
✔✔immunotherapy - ✔✔use of biologic agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating
the body's own defense mechanisms, as seen in the treatment of AIDS, cancer or
allergy
✔✔plasmapheresis - ✔✔removal of plasma from the body with separation and
extraction of specific elements followed by reinfusion
✔✔anticoagulant - ✔✔a drug that prevents clotting of the blood
✔✔hemostatic - ✔✔a drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels
✔✔vasoconstrictor - ✔✔a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, thereby
decreasing blood flow
✔✔vasodilator - ✔✔a drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, thereby increasing
blood flow
✔✔alveol/o - ✔✔alveolus (air sac)
✔✔bronch/o, bronchi/o - ✔✔bronchus (airway)
✔✔bronchiol/o - ✔✔bronchiole (little airway)
✔✔capn/o, carb/o - ✔✔carbon dioxide
✔✔laryng/o - ✔✔larynx (voice box)
✔✔lob/o - ✔✔lobe (a portion)
✔✔nas/o, rhin/o - ✔✔nose
✔✔or/o - ✔✔mouth
✔✔ox/o - ✔✔oxygen
✔✔palat/o - ✔✔palate
