MDC III Exam 1 | Updated Questions and
Answers | Most Recent 2026 Edition
• Menopause . CORRECT ANSWER: Cessation of menstruation for 12+ months.
• Average age of Menopause . CORRECT ANSWER: 51
• Menopause symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Hot flashes, vaginal dryness, painful
intercourse, mood swings, insomnia, irregular periods.
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) . CORRECT ANSWER: Use lowest dose,
shortest time.
• Non-hormonal options for menopause . CORRECT ANSWER: SSRIs, gabapentin for
hot flashes, vaginal lubricants, Ca/Vit D for bone health, DEXA scan (osteoporosis
screening).
• PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) . CORRECT ANSWER: Hormonal shifts in luteal
phase.
• PMS symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Irritability, breast tenderness, bloating,
fatigue, mood swings.
• Management of PMS . CORRECT ANSWER: Exercise, ↓ caffeine/alcohol, NSAIDs,
SSRIs.
• PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) . CORRECT ANSWER: Endocrine disorder: ↑
androgens, ovarian cysts.
• PCOS symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Irregular menses, infertility, acne, hirsutism,
obesity.
• PCOS risks . CORRECT ANSWER: ↑ risk for type 2 DM, endometrial cancer.
• Diagnosis of PCOS . CORRECT ANSWER: Pelvic US, ↑ testosterone, ↑ LH:FSH
ratio.
• Treatment for PCOS . CORRECT ANSWER: Weight loss, Metformin (insulin
resistance), oral contraceptives, spironolactone (hirsutism).
• Endometrial Cancer . CORRECT ANSWER: Originates in uterus lining, most common
gynecologic cancer, linked to unopposed estrogen.
, • Endometrial Cancer symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Painless postmenopausal
bleeding, pelvic pain or mass.
• Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer . CORRECT ANSWER: Endometrial biopsy,
transvaginal US, CA-125 for monitoring.
• Cervical Cancer . CORRECT ANSWER: #1 Risk Factor: HPV (types 16 & 18).
• Cervical Cancer screening . CORRECT ANSWER: Pap smear (every 3 yrs at 21-29;
every 5 yrs w/ HPV at 30-65).
• Cervical Cancer symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Postcoital bleeding, pelvic pain,
watery or bloody vaginal discharge.
• Prevention of Cervical Cancer . CORRECT ANSWER: HPV vaccine (start at 11-12
yrs), safe sex practices.
• Erectile Dysfunction (ED) . CORRECT ANSWER: Causes: vascular disease, DM,
meds (antihypertensives), stress.
• Treatment for ED . CORRECT ANSWER: PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil): Avoid nitrates
→ severe hypotension, vacuum pump, implants, counseling if psychological.
• Epididymitis . CORRECT ANSWER: Inflammation of epididymis (often d/t STI:
chlamydia/gonorrhea).
• Epididymitis symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Pain, swelling of scrotum, dysuria,
fever.
• Management of Epididymitis . CORRECT ANSWER: Antibiotics
(doxycycline/ceftriaxone), scrotal elevation, bedrest, analgesics, avoid lifting/sex until
treated.
• Orchitis . CORRECT ANSWER: Testicle inflammation (mumps virus or STI-related).
• Orchitis symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Pain, swelling, erythema.
• Management of Orchitis . CORRECT ANSWER: Supportive care: ice, analgesics,
scrotal support.
• Testicular Cancer . CORRECT ANSWER: Most common in men 15-35, risk:
cryptorchidism.
• Testicular Cancer symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Painless lump/swelling in
testicle, heaviness, dull ache.
Answers | Most Recent 2026 Edition
• Menopause . CORRECT ANSWER: Cessation of menstruation for 12+ months.
• Average age of Menopause . CORRECT ANSWER: 51
• Menopause symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Hot flashes, vaginal dryness, painful
intercourse, mood swings, insomnia, irregular periods.
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) . CORRECT ANSWER: Use lowest dose,
shortest time.
• Non-hormonal options for menopause . CORRECT ANSWER: SSRIs, gabapentin for
hot flashes, vaginal lubricants, Ca/Vit D for bone health, DEXA scan (osteoporosis
screening).
• PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) . CORRECT ANSWER: Hormonal shifts in luteal
phase.
• PMS symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Irritability, breast tenderness, bloating,
fatigue, mood swings.
• Management of PMS . CORRECT ANSWER: Exercise, ↓ caffeine/alcohol, NSAIDs,
SSRIs.
• PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) . CORRECT ANSWER: Endocrine disorder: ↑
androgens, ovarian cysts.
• PCOS symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Irregular menses, infertility, acne, hirsutism,
obesity.
• PCOS risks . CORRECT ANSWER: ↑ risk for type 2 DM, endometrial cancer.
• Diagnosis of PCOS . CORRECT ANSWER: Pelvic US, ↑ testosterone, ↑ LH:FSH
ratio.
• Treatment for PCOS . CORRECT ANSWER: Weight loss, Metformin (insulin
resistance), oral contraceptives, spironolactone (hirsutism).
• Endometrial Cancer . CORRECT ANSWER: Originates in uterus lining, most common
gynecologic cancer, linked to unopposed estrogen.
, • Endometrial Cancer symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Painless postmenopausal
bleeding, pelvic pain or mass.
• Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer . CORRECT ANSWER: Endometrial biopsy,
transvaginal US, CA-125 for monitoring.
• Cervical Cancer . CORRECT ANSWER: #1 Risk Factor: HPV (types 16 & 18).
• Cervical Cancer screening . CORRECT ANSWER: Pap smear (every 3 yrs at 21-29;
every 5 yrs w/ HPV at 30-65).
• Cervical Cancer symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Postcoital bleeding, pelvic pain,
watery or bloody vaginal discharge.
• Prevention of Cervical Cancer . CORRECT ANSWER: HPV vaccine (start at 11-12
yrs), safe sex practices.
• Erectile Dysfunction (ED) . CORRECT ANSWER: Causes: vascular disease, DM,
meds (antihypertensives), stress.
• Treatment for ED . CORRECT ANSWER: PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil): Avoid nitrates
→ severe hypotension, vacuum pump, implants, counseling if psychological.
• Epididymitis . CORRECT ANSWER: Inflammation of epididymis (often d/t STI:
chlamydia/gonorrhea).
• Epididymitis symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Pain, swelling of scrotum, dysuria,
fever.
• Management of Epididymitis . CORRECT ANSWER: Antibiotics
(doxycycline/ceftriaxone), scrotal elevation, bedrest, analgesics, avoid lifting/sex until
treated.
• Orchitis . CORRECT ANSWER: Testicle inflammation (mumps virus or STI-related).
• Orchitis symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Pain, swelling, erythema.
• Management of Orchitis . CORRECT ANSWER: Supportive care: ice, analgesics,
scrotal support.
• Testicular Cancer . CORRECT ANSWER: Most common in men 15-35, risk:
cryptorchidism.
• Testicular Cancer symptoms . CORRECT ANSWER: Painless lump/swelling in
testicle, heaviness, dull ache.
