ASC 378 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Nutrition - Answers - the sum of the processes in an animal by which food substances
are consumed, metabolized and waste products are eliminated
How nutrition can go wrong - Answers - - Nutrient malabsorption
- Vitamin and mineral deficiency
- Mycotoxin intake
- Nutrient toxicity and antagonism
o Especially Ca: P
o Crazy Chick: vit A deficiency
Nutrient - Answers - any material that aids in the support of life in a normal healthy
animal
Feed and Feedstuff - Answers - any product, whether of natural or synthetic origin, that
when properly used in the diet has nutritional value
Natural Feedstuff - Answers - corn, wheat, alfalfa, soybeans, potatoes
Natural, processed feedstuff - Answers - soybean meal, wheat germ meal, alfalfa leaf
meal, distillers dried soluble
synthetic feedstuff - Answers - pure nutrient, i.e. Vit E
Nutrient classes - Answers - protein, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
Diet - Answers - a combination of feedstuff
Ration - Answers - amount of feed consumed by (or provided to) an animal in a 24 hr
period
Supplement - Answers - a feed or feed mixture used with another feed or feed mixture
to improve the nutritional balance of a diet
3 ways to use supplments - Answers - 1. Mix with other ingredients to form a complete
diet
2. Feed free choice: grain in one compartment, protein in another
a. Animals will balance their own ration
b. Salt and minerals often supplemented this way
3. Feed Diluted: ruminant rations often top dressed
a. Often seen on corn silage diets: SBM, molasses- urea
Concentrate - Answers - feedstuff which supplies nutrients high in energy and contains
LESS THAN 18% crude fiber
,corn, milo, wheat
low crude fiber and high starch
Roughage - Answers - a feedstuff containing MORE THAN 18% crude fiber
hay, straw, silage
low digestibility because of the high fiber (cellulose, lignin)
Digestion - Answers - the ¬physical and chemical reactions feedstuffs undergo from
intake to absorption from the gut
Absorption - Answers - movement of nutrients from GI tract through gut wall into lymph
system, blood stream, and cells
Distribution - Answers - movement of nutrients from absorption site to cells of body
Metabolism - Answers - the chemical processes that nutrients undergo after absorptions
Anabolism - Answers - any constructive process by which simple substances are
converted into more complex substances
Catabolism - Answers - any destructive process by which complex substances are
converted into more simple compounds
Enzymes - Answers - biocatalysts, secreted by living cells, which activate and/or
accelerate chemical reactions
Cofactors - Answers - activate enzymes (many minerals)
Coenzymes - Answers - function in conjunction with the enzymes
not a permanent part of the enzyme, often act as intermediate carriers of e- or as a
functional group for transport of chemical components
Hormones - Answers - chemical agents synthesized by particular parts of the body
which are then carried by the blood or to other parts of the body where they elicit a
physiological response by action on specific tissues or organs.
pathway - Answers - Feed-digestion-absorption (nutrients)-distribution-metabolism-
production-waste
composition of food - Answers - ideal proportions
, young animals have ____ water components than mature animals. - Answers - higher-
embryo is 95% water and this decreases as the animal matures
As animals get bigger/more mature, fat ____ - Answers - increases
Ash - Answers - inorganic materals
how to find organic materials - Answers - take organic materials in crucible at 600
degrees
initial weight(total)- final weight(ash product)= organic materials
organic materials - Answers - carbs, protein, fats, vitamins
relationship between DM and water - Answers - inversely related
how to find moisture content - Answers - put sample in oven at 105 degrees overnight to
evaporate water content
intial-final=moisture content
why is there a large difference in moisture content between fat and thin animals -
Answers - fat is responsible for most of the moisture content
fat effect on protein content - Answers - if you remove the fat from a thin and a fat
animal, h20 and protein content will be equal
dry and fat free: body compositions are relatively constant among species and
protein:ash= 80:20
composition of plants - Answers - all life processes originate from plant kingdom
plants make use of CO2, H2O, nitrates, and mineral salts to form carbs, fats, and
proteins: animals need these to grow
plants contain the same substances found in the animal body but the relative amounts
differ
leaf content - Answers - high water levels, low fat levels
when dried: high mineral and protein
fresh: low CHO level
more protein than stems
stem content - Answers - dry: high CHO levels
Nutrition - Answers - the sum of the processes in an animal by which food substances
are consumed, metabolized and waste products are eliminated
How nutrition can go wrong - Answers - - Nutrient malabsorption
- Vitamin and mineral deficiency
- Mycotoxin intake
- Nutrient toxicity and antagonism
o Especially Ca: P
o Crazy Chick: vit A deficiency
Nutrient - Answers - any material that aids in the support of life in a normal healthy
animal
Feed and Feedstuff - Answers - any product, whether of natural or synthetic origin, that
when properly used in the diet has nutritional value
Natural Feedstuff - Answers - corn, wheat, alfalfa, soybeans, potatoes
Natural, processed feedstuff - Answers - soybean meal, wheat germ meal, alfalfa leaf
meal, distillers dried soluble
synthetic feedstuff - Answers - pure nutrient, i.e. Vit E
Nutrient classes - Answers - protein, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
Diet - Answers - a combination of feedstuff
Ration - Answers - amount of feed consumed by (or provided to) an animal in a 24 hr
period
Supplement - Answers - a feed or feed mixture used with another feed or feed mixture
to improve the nutritional balance of a diet
3 ways to use supplments - Answers - 1. Mix with other ingredients to form a complete
diet
2. Feed free choice: grain in one compartment, protein in another
a. Animals will balance their own ration
b. Salt and minerals often supplemented this way
3. Feed Diluted: ruminant rations often top dressed
a. Often seen on corn silage diets: SBM, molasses- urea
Concentrate - Answers - feedstuff which supplies nutrients high in energy and contains
LESS THAN 18% crude fiber
,corn, milo, wheat
low crude fiber and high starch
Roughage - Answers - a feedstuff containing MORE THAN 18% crude fiber
hay, straw, silage
low digestibility because of the high fiber (cellulose, lignin)
Digestion - Answers - the ¬physical and chemical reactions feedstuffs undergo from
intake to absorption from the gut
Absorption - Answers - movement of nutrients from GI tract through gut wall into lymph
system, blood stream, and cells
Distribution - Answers - movement of nutrients from absorption site to cells of body
Metabolism - Answers - the chemical processes that nutrients undergo after absorptions
Anabolism - Answers - any constructive process by which simple substances are
converted into more complex substances
Catabolism - Answers - any destructive process by which complex substances are
converted into more simple compounds
Enzymes - Answers - biocatalysts, secreted by living cells, which activate and/or
accelerate chemical reactions
Cofactors - Answers - activate enzymes (many minerals)
Coenzymes - Answers - function in conjunction with the enzymes
not a permanent part of the enzyme, often act as intermediate carriers of e- or as a
functional group for transport of chemical components
Hormones - Answers - chemical agents synthesized by particular parts of the body
which are then carried by the blood or to other parts of the body where they elicit a
physiological response by action on specific tissues or organs.
pathway - Answers - Feed-digestion-absorption (nutrients)-distribution-metabolism-
production-waste
composition of food - Answers - ideal proportions
, young animals have ____ water components than mature animals. - Answers - higher-
embryo is 95% water and this decreases as the animal matures
As animals get bigger/more mature, fat ____ - Answers - increases
Ash - Answers - inorganic materals
how to find organic materials - Answers - take organic materials in crucible at 600
degrees
initial weight(total)- final weight(ash product)= organic materials
organic materials - Answers - carbs, protein, fats, vitamins
relationship between DM and water - Answers - inversely related
how to find moisture content - Answers - put sample in oven at 105 degrees overnight to
evaporate water content
intial-final=moisture content
why is there a large difference in moisture content between fat and thin animals -
Answers - fat is responsible for most of the moisture content
fat effect on protein content - Answers - if you remove the fat from a thin and a fat
animal, h20 and protein content will be equal
dry and fat free: body compositions are relatively constant among species and
protein:ash= 80:20
composition of plants - Answers - all life processes originate from plant kingdom
plants make use of CO2, H2O, nitrates, and mineral salts to form carbs, fats, and
proteins: animals need these to grow
plants contain the same substances found in the animal body but the relative amounts
differ
leaf content - Answers - high water levels, low fat levels
when dried: high mineral and protein
fresh: low CHO level
more protein than stems
stem content - Answers - dry: high CHO levels
