Uses and Abuses of Statistics
統計的應用及誤用
Exercises(練習)
1. A staff member of a museum wants to conduct a survey on the visitors‟ opinions on the museum. She
interviews a visitor every 15 minutes, choosing whoever happens to leave the museum at that time.
(a) Name the sampling method.
(b) Do you think that the sampling method can give a representative sample.
某博物館的職員要進行一項有關遊客的意見的調查。她每隔 15 分鐘訪問當時正準備離開的遊客。
(a) 這項調查採用了哪種抽樣法？
(b) 你認為這種抽樣法能得出一個具代表性的樣本？
2. A form teacher wants to select five students randomly from his class to participate in the inter-class
basketball competition.
(a) What is the population of the survey?
(b) Describe how the form teacher could use simple random sampling to select the sample.
某班主任想從班中隨意選取 5 名學生參加班際籃球比賽。
(a) 寫出抽樣的總體。
(b) 描述該名班主任如何利用簡單隨機抽樣去抽取樣本。
3. Suppose the school wants to select 100 students to complete a questionnaire. A class is first selected at
random and then a student is randomly selected from that class. This process is repeated until all the 100
students are selected.
(a) Do all the students have the same chance of being selected? Briefly explain your answer.
(b) Is this a simple random sampling?
某校計劃選取 100 名學生接受問卷調查。校方先從各班中隨意選取一班，再從該班中隨意選取一名
學生。重複這步驟直至選出 100 名學生為止。
(a) 每名學生被選取的概率是否均等？試略作解釋。
(b) 這是否簡單隨機抽樣？
4. A manufacturer wants to conduct a quality control on the products from a production line. Suggest how
he can use systematic sampling to choose the products.
一個生產商想對其生產線製的產品進行品質檢查。試提議他如何利用系統隨機抽樣來抽取樣本。
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5. A student is conducting a survey on the Hong Kong people about the performance of the government. He
interviews 10 people on a street randomly. Is this a good representation of the population? Discuss briefly.
一名學生正進行一項關於市民對政府表現的調查，並隨意選取了某條街道上的 10 名路人。這樣本能
有效地代表整個總體嗎？試略作解釋。
6. A survey is to be carried out to investigate the leisure activities of the staffs in an organization with 725
men and 435 women. 60 men are selected randomly.
(a) If men and women have the same chance of being selected, how many women should be selected.
(b) Which sampling method is applied in the survey?
某公司有 725 名男員工和 435 名女員工。為了調查員工的閒暇活動，調查人員隨機挑選了 60 名男員工。
(a) 若男員工和女員工被納入樣本的機會均等，有多少名女員工被納入樣本呢？
(b) 這項調查採用了哪種抽樣法？
7. A survey is to be carried out to investigate the reading habits of the students in a school, describe how
stratified random sampling can used to select the sample.
某校進行了一項有關學生閱讀習慣的調查。試描述你會如何利用層狀隨機抽樣來為這項調查進行抽樣。
8. A survey of the average daily turnover of a shop opening every day is to be conducted. It is decided to
take a datum on every Wednesday.
(a) Can the data well reflect the average daily turnover of the shop? Discuss briefly.
(b) Suggest a more appropriate method.
某每天營業的商店正統計每天的平均營業額。東主收集了每個星期三的數據作計算。
(a) 這些數據能有效地反映該商店的每天平均營業額嗎？試略作解釋。
(b) 試建議一個更適當的抽樣方法。
9. A telecom company is conducting a customer survey. Can a simple random sample be chosen by
selecting phone numbers on the phone list? Discuss briefly?
某電訊公司正進行一項意見調查，並透過從他們客戶的電話列表中隨機選取電話號碼進行抽樣。他
們能得出一個簡單隨機抽樣的樣本嗎？試略作解釋。
10. The student association of a school conducts a survey on the time spent on extra-curricular activities.
Stratified random sampling is used with clubs and societies membership as the stratifying variable. Is the
sample a good representation of all the students in the school? Discuss briefly.
某校的學生會正進行一項有關學生的課外活動時間。他們採用了層狀隨機抽樣，並以校內學會會籍
作為分層標準。以這方法所取得的樣本能有效代表校內所有學生嗎？試略作解釋。
159
, Question Bank
Pre-requisite Questions
預備測驗
1. Name the four key stages involved in statistical surveys.
列舉統計工作的四個步驟。
2. Suggest a method to collect data in each of the following situations.
(a) A toothpaste manufacturer wants to find out the cleansing effect of its toothpaste.
(b) A researcher wants to know the population of smokers in Hong Kong and their smoking habits.
(c) A student wants to know the birth rate in Hong Kong in the past ten years.
就以下的情況，建議一個收集數據的方法。
(a) 一間牙膏生產商想知道它所生產的牙膏的清潔效能。
(b) 某位研究人員想調查香港的吸煙人數及吸煙的習慣。
(c) 某學生想調查香港在過往十年的出生率。
3. Suggest a method to collect data in each of the following situations.
(a) The HKSAR government wants to know about the number of Hong Kong citizens who had
downloaded pirated movies before.
(b) A doctor wants to find out the diet of his patient.
(c) A reporter wants to find out the percentage of pedestrians who have violated the red light sign at
a specific spot.
就以下的情況，建議一個收集數據的方法。
(a) 香港特別行政區政府想調查有多少香港市民曾下載盜版電影。
(b) 某位醫生向他的病人了解他的飲食習慣。
(c) 某位記者想調查在某地區的行人衝紅燈的百分比。
4. The temperatures over a ten-minute interval are recorded by an automatic temperature recording
system in Tsim Sha Tsui are listed below.
12.5℃, 12.6℃, 12.6℃, 12.5℃, 12.7℃, 12.6℃, 12.7℃, 12.6℃, 53.6℃, 12.6℃
(a) Find the mean temperature by the data above.
(b) Is the result in (a) a good measure of the average temperature of Tsim Sha Tsui? Explain briefly.
一個設置在尖沙咀的氣溫記錄儀器每隔 10 分鐘把氣溫記錄一次，其記錄如下：
12.5℃, 12.6℃, 12.6℃, 12.5℃, 12.7℃, 12.6℃, 12.7℃, 12.6℃, 53.6℃, 12.6℃
(a) 求以上數據的算術平均數。
(b) (a)的結果是尖沙咀平均氣溫的一個可靠的量度嗎？試簡略解釋。
160
統計的應用及誤用
Exercises(練習)
1. A staff member of a museum wants to conduct a survey on the visitors‟ opinions on the museum. She
interviews a visitor every 15 minutes, choosing whoever happens to leave the museum at that time.
(a) Name the sampling method.
(b) Do you think that the sampling method can give a representative sample.
某博物館的職員要進行一項有關遊客的意見的調查。她每隔 15 分鐘訪問當時正準備離開的遊客。
(a) 這項調查採用了哪種抽樣法？
(b) 你認為這種抽樣法能得出一個具代表性的樣本？
2. A form teacher wants to select five students randomly from his class to participate in the inter-class
basketball competition.
(a) What is the population of the survey?
(b) Describe how the form teacher could use simple random sampling to select the sample.
某班主任想從班中隨意選取 5 名學生參加班際籃球比賽。
(a) 寫出抽樣的總體。
(b) 描述該名班主任如何利用簡單隨機抽樣去抽取樣本。
3. Suppose the school wants to select 100 students to complete a questionnaire. A class is first selected at
random and then a student is randomly selected from that class. This process is repeated until all the 100
students are selected.
(a) Do all the students have the same chance of being selected? Briefly explain your answer.
(b) Is this a simple random sampling?
某校計劃選取 100 名學生接受問卷調查。校方先從各班中隨意選取一班，再從該班中隨意選取一名
學生。重複這步驟直至選出 100 名學生為止。
(a) 每名學生被選取的概率是否均等？試略作解釋。
(b) 這是否簡單隨機抽樣？
4. A manufacturer wants to conduct a quality control on the products from a production line. Suggest how
he can use systematic sampling to choose the products.
一個生產商想對其生產線製的產品進行品質檢查。試提議他如何利用系統隨機抽樣來抽取樣本。
158
, 17 Uses and Abuses of Statistics
5. A student is conducting a survey on the Hong Kong people about the performance of the government. He
interviews 10 people on a street randomly. Is this a good representation of the population? Discuss briefly.
一名學生正進行一項關於市民對政府表現的調查，並隨意選取了某條街道上的 10 名路人。這樣本能
有效地代表整個總體嗎？試略作解釋。
6. A survey is to be carried out to investigate the leisure activities of the staffs in an organization with 725
men and 435 women. 60 men are selected randomly.
(a) If men and women have the same chance of being selected, how many women should be selected.
(b) Which sampling method is applied in the survey?
某公司有 725 名男員工和 435 名女員工。為了調查員工的閒暇活動，調查人員隨機挑選了 60 名男員工。
(a) 若男員工和女員工被納入樣本的機會均等，有多少名女員工被納入樣本呢？
(b) 這項調查採用了哪種抽樣法？
7. A survey is to be carried out to investigate the reading habits of the students in a school, describe how
stratified random sampling can used to select the sample.
某校進行了一項有關學生閱讀習慣的調查。試描述你會如何利用層狀隨機抽樣來為這項調查進行抽樣。
8. A survey of the average daily turnover of a shop opening every day is to be conducted. It is decided to
take a datum on every Wednesday.
(a) Can the data well reflect the average daily turnover of the shop? Discuss briefly.
(b) Suggest a more appropriate method.
某每天營業的商店正統計每天的平均營業額。東主收集了每個星期三的數據作計算。
(a) 這些數據能有效地反映該商店的每天平均營業額嗎？試略作解釋。
(b) 試建議一個更適當的抽樣方法。
9. A telecom company is conducting a customer survey. Can a simple random sample be chosen by
selecting phone numbers on the phone list? Discuss briefly?
某電訊公司正進行一項意見調查，並透過從他們客戶的電話列表中隨機選取電話號碼進行抽樣。他
們能得出一個簡單隨機抽樣的樣本嗎？試略作解釋。
10. The student association of a school conducts a survey on the time spent on extra-curricular activities.
Stratified random sampling is used with clubs and societies membership as the stratifying variable. Is the
sample a good representation of all the students in the school? Discuss briefly.
某校的學生會正進行一項有關學生的課外活動時間。他們採用了層狀隨機抽樣，並以校內學會會籍
作為分層標準。以這方法所取得的樣本能有效代表校內所有學生嗎？試略作解釋。
159
, Question Bank
Pre-requisite Questions
預備測驗
1. Name the four key stages involved in statistical surveys.
列舉統計工作的四個步驟。
2. Suggest a method to collect data in each of the following situations.
(a) A toothpaste manufacturer wants to find out the cleansing effect of its toothpaste.
(b) A researcher wants to know the population of smokers in Hong Kong and their smoking habits.
(c) A student wants to know the birth rate in Hong Kong in the past ten years.
就以下的情況，建議一個收集數據的方法。
(a) 一間牙膏生產商想知道它所生產的牙膏的清潔效能。
(b) 某位研究人員想調查香港的吸煙人數及吸煙的習慣。
(c) 某學生想調查香港在過往十年的出生率。
3. Suggest a method to collect data in each of the following situations.
(a) The HKSAR government wants to know about the number of Hong Kong citizens who had
downloaded pirated movies before.
(b) A doctor wants to find out the diet of his patient.
(c) A reporter wants to find out the percentage of pedestrians who have violated the red light sign at
a specific spot.
就以下的情況，建議一個收集數據的方法。
(a) 香港特別行政區政府想調查有多少香港市民曾下載盜版電影。
(b) 某位醫生向他的病人了解他的飲食習慣。
(c) 某位記者想調查在某地區的行人衝紅燈的百分比。
4. The temperatures over a ten-minute interval are recorded by an automatic temperature recording
system in Tsim Sha Tsui are listed below.
12.5℃, 12.6℃, 12.6℃, 12.5℃, 12.7℃, 12.6℃, 12.7℃, 12.6℃, 53.6℃, 12.6℃
(a) Find the mean temperature by the data above.
(b) Is the result in (a) a good measure of the average temperature of Tsim Sha Tsui? Explain briefly.
一個設置在尖沙咀的氣溫記錄儀器每隔 10 分鐘把氣溫記錄一次，其記錄如下：
12.5℃, 12.6℃, 12.6℃, 12.5℃, 12.7℃, 12.6℃, 12.7℃, 12.6℃, 53.6℃, 12.6℃
(a) 求以上數據的算術平均數。
(b) (a)的結果是尖沙咀平均氣溫的一個可靠的量度嗎？試簡略解釋。
160
