Nu 327 Exam 5 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
Functions of the renal system
-Maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
-Detoxifying the blood and eliminating wastes
-Regulating blood pressure
-Production of erythropoietin
-Activation of Vitamin D to facilitate absorption of calcium
What makes up the urinary system?
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What is the pelvis?
Large collecting area for urine
What is the medulla?
pyramids
What is the cortex of the kidney?
-Glomeruli
-Nephron tubules
What is the nephron?
functional unit of the kidney
What are the 3 major functions of the nephron?
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
,What is filtration of the nephron?
water soluble substances from the blood
What gets reabsorpted in the nephron?
filtered nutrients, water, and electrolytes
What get secreted in the nephron?
waste products
What is the function of the glomerulus?
-fluid filtration from blood to the nephron
-more permeable than other capillaries in the body
-prevents passage of blood cells and proteins
What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ?
125 mL/min
What is the main driving force of the GFR?
hydrostatic pressure
What is the most important factor of the GFR?
blood volume
What measures GFR?
creatinine clearance
What is the function of the proximal concoluted tubule?
,-Reabsorbs about 2/3 of the filtered water and electrolytes
-Reabsorbs all of the nutrients, glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate ions, and vitamins
What is the function of the descending loop of henle?
-transports water
-delivers concentrated filtrate to ascending loop
What is the function of the ascending loop of henle?
-actively transports Na, Cl, and K
-increases interstitial osmolarity
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?
-"Fine tune" of sodium and water reabsorption
--Angiotensin II
--Aldosterone
-Secretes H+ & K+
-Site from which filtrate enters the collecting tubule
What is the function of the collecting tubule?
-Distal tubules empty into the single larger collecting tubule
-Responds to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-Regulates secretion of acid
-Merges into the larger collecting ducts
What percentage of the original filtrate is reabsorbed by the time it reaches the renal
pelvis?
99
, What is a normal lab value of BUN?
10-20 mg/dL
What is the function of the BUN measurement?
-Indirect measure of overall hydration
-Also can reflect diet, GI bleeding, and tissue breakdown
What is a normal lab value of Creatinine
0.7-1.5 mg/dL
What is the function of the creatinine measurement?
-Reflects GFR
-Most commonly used "quick" method to estimate renal function
What is a normal urinalysis?
-clear
-pale yellow to amber
-slightly acidic
-may contain a few cells
Adult and Elderly related changes to renal function
-Diminish in size and function by 4th decade
-Decreased glomeruli
-By age 70
--30-50% of glomeruli lost
-Renal blood flow decreases
-Number of nephrons decrease
Answers
Functions of the renal system
-Maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
-Detoxifying the blood and eliminating wastes
-Regulating blood pressure
-Production of erythropoietin
-Activation of Vitamin D to facilitate absorption of calcium
What makes up the urinary system?
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What is the pelvis?
Large collecting area for urine
What is the medulla?
pyramids
What is the cortex of the kidney?
-Glomeruli
-Nephron tubules
What is the nephron?
functional unit of the kidney
What are the 3 major functions of the nephron?
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
,What is filtration of the nephron?
water soluble substances from the blood
What gets reabsorpted in the nephron?
filtered nutrients, water, and electrolytes
What get secreted in the nephron?
waste products
What is the function of the glomerulus?
-fluid filtration from blood to the nephron
-more permeable than other capillaries in the body
-prevents passage of blood cells and proteins
What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ?
125 mL/min
What is the main driving force of the GFR?
hydrostatic pressure
What is the most important factor of the GFR?
blood volume
What measures GFR?
creatinine clearance
What is the function of the proximal concoluted tubule?
,-Reabsorbs about 2/3 of the filtered water and electrolytes
-Reabsorbs all of the nutrients, glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate ions, and vitamins
What is the function of the descending loop of henle?
-transports water
-delivers concentrated filtrate to ascending loop
What is the function of the ascending loop of henle?
-actively transports Na, Cl, and K
-increases interstitial osmolarity
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?
-"Fine tune" of sodium and water reabsorption
--Angiotensin II
--Aldosterone
-Secretes H+ & K+
-Site from which filtrate enters the collecting tubule
What is the function of the collecting tubule?
-Distal tubules empty into the single larger collecting tubule
-Responds to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-Regulates secretion of acid
-Merges into the larger collecting ducts
What percentage of the original filtrate is reabsorbed by the time it reaches the renal
pelvis?
99
, What is a normal lab value of BUN?
10-20 mg/dL
What is the function of the BUN measurement?
-Indirect measure of overall hydration
-Also can reflect diet, GI bleeding, and tissue breakdown
What is a normal lab value of Creatinine
0.7-1.5 mg/dL
What is the function of the creatinine measurement?
-Reflects GFR
-Most commonly used "quick" method to estimate renal function
What is a normal urinalysis?
-clear
-pale yellow to amber
-slightly acidic
-may contain a few cells
Adult and Elderly related changes to renal function
-Diminish in size and function by 4th decade
-Decreased glomeruli
-By age 70
--30-50% of glomeruli lost
-Renal blood flow decreases
-Number of nephrons decrease
