NUR 265 Exam 1 Review 50 Questions and100% Correct Answers Latest 2026/2027 Update - Galen College of Nursing.

NUR 265 Exam 1 Review 50 Questions and100% Correct Answers Latest 2026/2027 Update - Galen College of Nursing. What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system - ANSWER --HTN -Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor) -Pericarditis What effects can CKD have on the Integumentary system - ANSWER --Uremic frost What are the dietary restrictions on CKD? - ANSWER --Protein (restrict early in disease process to preserve kidney function) -Potassium -Fluid -Sodium Describe hemodialysis - ANSWER --3x a week- 4-5 hours -At risk for bleeding do to heparin -Extremely fatigued post. -Vitals and weight before and after -Slight fever post is normal. Monitor. Describe peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER --Sterile procedure at home where catheter is placed into the abdomen -Wear a mask -Solution may be warmed using a heating bag or blanket, not microwave! -Make sure patient turns and repositions to mix solution in the cavity Describe nursing care for an AV fistula. - ANSWER --Palpate and auscultate- bruit and thrill -Distal pulses -ROM- helps form the fistula -Monitor for infection -No heavy lifting or carrying -No pressure -Aneurysm can form at AV fistula site Describe dialysis disequilibrium syndrome - ANSWER --Life threatening! (occurs if fluid is pulled off too fast) -S/S: restless, headache, decreased LOC, seizures, coma -Call a rapid immediately -Give barbiturates and anticonvulsants What is cirrhosis? - ANSWER -An extensive, irreversible scarring of the liver. What are common causes of cirrhosis? - ANSWER --ETOH -Viral hepatitis (HEP C) - Autoimmune hepatitis -Drugs and chemicals (aetaminophen or anything else hepatotoxic) What are early S/S of cirrhosis? - ANSWER --Enlarged liver -Fatigue -Weight loss -Anorexia -N/V -Abdominal pain What are end stage S/S of cirrhosis? - ANSWER --Ascites -Small liver -clotting disorder (bruising, GI bleed) -Jaundice -Elevated ammonia levels (give Lactulose) -Hepatic encephalopathy -Decreased bile production What are the stages of hepatic encephalopathy? - ANSWER --Stage 1: personality changes, subtle things that may not be recognized -Stage 2: Continuing mental changes, mental confusion, disorientation to time, place, and person -Stage 3: Marked mental confusion, progressive deterioration -Stage 4: metabolic acidosis, unresponsiveness leading to death in most patients, unarousable What causes hepatic encephalopathy? - ANSWER -The buildup of ammonia in the body Describe the physical assessment of an end stage cirrhosis patient. - ANSWER - Ascites -Jaundice -Coagulation problems -Fatigue -Spider angiomas -Petechiae -Liver flaps (asterixis) What is a Blake-Moore tube used for? - ANSWER -Esophageal Varices Describe a paracentesis. - ANSWER --A procedure that is needed to get rid of the fluid in the abdomen -Have the pt. void before the procedure (ensures the bladder is out of the way and wont get punctured) -Patient is positioned in fowlers position in bed What are the treatments for cirrhosis? - ANSWER -Transplant is the only cure! Describe the diet for a patient with cirrhosis. - ANSWER --Small frequent meals -High carbs -High protein -Moderate fats -Moderate vitamins What medications are given to patients with cirrhosis? - ANSWER --Diuretics -PPI or H blockers -Broad spectrum antibiotics -FFP-coags -Platelets thrombocytopenia Describe acute pancreatitis. - ANSWER -A serious and at times life threatening inflammation of the pancreas. It is caused by premature ativation of excessive pancreatic enzymes that destroy tissues and pancreatic cells (basically the pancreas starts digesting itself) What are causes of acute pancreatitis? - ANSWER --Choleylithiasis