Ostomy Exam 1 Questions with verified answers A+ Grade
2026\2027
Where is the Vitamin B12 intrinsic factor complex absorbed?
- correct answer Last 100 cm of ileum
What part of the alimentary canal is essential for nutrient absorption?
- correct answer Small intestine
What is the average length of the GI tract?
- correct answer 25 feet The GI tract is essentially a hollow muscular tube from the mouth to the ****
the length varies between individuals typically measuring during life around 25 feet and after death
close to 35 feet
which tissue layer of the alimentary canal coordinate rhythmic peristaltic contractions of the muscles
which results in the mixing and the forward propulsion of food bolus through the stomach and intestine
- correct answer muscularis
the muscularis consists of two smooth muscle layers A circular inner layer and a longitudinal outer layer
and coordinates rythmetic peristaltic contractions of the muscles resulting in the mixture and forward
propulsion of food bolus through the stomach and intestines
Which tissue layer of the alimentary canal is involved when a patient is experiencing the pain of bowel
inflammation
- correct answer serosa
The serosa which covers the structures within the peritoneal cavity is in continually with the visceral
peritoneum and associated with pain of bowel inflammation
What complication may be avoided when stomas are matured (everted) at the time of surgery
- correct answer serositis
The outer layer of the bowel is serosa and exposed to air it can lead to necrosis and sloughing called
serositis inflammation of the serosa if a stoma is not everted at the time of creation, the seroitis can
cause a partial or complete obstruction of the non matured stoma
,Which post surgical patient would the woc nurse monitor for percutaneous anemia due to impaired
absorption of vitamin B12?
- correct answer A patient with an ileostomy will have significant links of the terminal ileum resected
and may require lifelong vitamin B12 replacement to prevent prayer continuous anemia improve fat
intolerance and reduce weight loss
Which structure of the small intestine may take on some of the functions of the colon when the colon is
surgically removed
- correct answer villi
Villi are able to transform to some degree elongate or become hypertrophied and thus are capable to
increase the absorbative capacity taking on some of the function of the colon when the colon is
surgically removed
A patient is undergoing surgery for continent diversion which structure of the small intestine may be
used as a continent mechanism for this patient?
- correct answer ileocecal valve
the ileocecal valve is smooth muscle that can function to prevent stoma output from a continent
diversion
Of all the organs in the digestive tract which one is considered by some to be the organ of convenience
and is not necessary to sustain life?
- correct answer colon
The colon function fluid absorption transportation of fecal material and storage is not necessary to
sustain life. the small intestine villi are able to transform to some degree and are able to increase the
absorptive capacity taking on some of the colon function when the colon is surgically removed
Patient should be positioned on the left side for colonoscopy because of the S shaped curvature to the
- correct answer sigmoid colon
the sigmoid: is on the left side of the abdomen and the endoscopist will be able to move the scope into
the S shape sigmoid: if the patient is laying on the left side
Which organ has the ability to regenerate up to 70% to destruction before becoming symptomatic?
- correct answer Liver
it is thought that the liver's blood supply and proximity to the individual cells allows the liver to
regenerate
,In an individual with an intact bowel, the factor most critical to gas production is
- correct answer Dietary factors such as complex carbohydrates
The role of the colon in nutrient absorption is best described as
- correct answer The colon is incapable of contributing to nutrient absorption
What are prebiotics?
- correct answer Undigestible carbohydrates that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.
What are symbiotics?
- correct answer Protective compounds, such as short chain fatty acids, that support the growth of
beneficial bacteria in the gut.
What are probiotics?
- correct answer Beneficial bacteria found in the bowel that promote a healthy gut microbiome.
the functional unit of the kidney is the nephron what is the primary function of this structure
- correct answer removing waste and toxic products from the plasma
and control the composition of body fluids
Which structure of the urinary system assist with urine storage and elimination?
- correct answer bladder
the urinary bladder is hollow muscular organ designed to fill with urine at low pressures stores
approximately 300 to 600 MLS urine in the healthy adult and eliminates urine
Which structure of the urinary system is common sight for congenital or acquired obstruction such as
kidney stone
- correct answer ureteropelvic junction (upj)
the UPJ is a common site for congenital or acquired obstruction that is stones
What is the important function of the urethra?
- correct answer Maintaining continence. the urethra has specialized striated muscle that contains both
, fast twitch and short twitch muscle fibers that aid in tone of the urethra during periods of sudden
increase in abdominal pressure to prevent urinary incontinence
Which organ adjacent to the kidneys needs to be protected during urinary reconstruction surgery?
- correct answer ascending large intestine
organs adjacent to the kidneys include the duodenum, pancreas tail, hepatic flexure of the large
intestine, ascending colon descending and sigmoid colon. Identification and protection by the surgeon
during urinary reconstruction surgery are crucial to prevent life threatening inter and post operative
complications
the kidneys secrete
- correct answer renin angiotensin aldosterone to regulate blood volume and pressure
the kidneys possess endocrine like functions by secreting hormones EPO erythropoietin to promote red
blood cell production and renin angiotensin aldosterone to regulate blood volume and pressure
homeostatic mechanisms to maintain narrow blood pH range is primarily done by the kidneys and lungs
to mean hydrogen balance bicarbonate is regulated by the kidneys
What condition might occur when excess of uric acid is precipitated in the blood?
- correct answer Gout
Uric acid is a byproduct of purine and guanine metabolism from the intake of meat and seafood only
10% is excreted in the urine if in excess uric acid may precipitate in blood and cause painful deposits and
joints called gout
What important point should be emphasized when explaining how the renal system works to regulate
the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?
- correct answer Anti diuretic hormone causes water reabsorption. Four key points to remember when
discussing fluid and electrolyte balance are as follows
1 aldosterone causes reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
2 anti diuretic hormone causes water reabsorption
3 sodium is the main ion outside the cell interstitial and vascular while potassium is the main ion within
the actual cell and for water easily diffuses through membrane readily from low to high solute
concentration
What is the primary goal when creating a urinary diversion?
- correct answer Preserve the function of the upper urinary tract.
2026\2027
Where is the Vitamin B12 intrinsic factor complex absorbed?
- correct answer Last 100 cm of ileum
What part of the alimentary canal is essential for nutrient absorption?
- correct answer Small intestine
What is the average length of the GI tract?
- correct answer 25 feet The GI tract is essentially a hollow muscular tube from the mouth to the ****
the length varies between individuals typically measuring during life around 25 feet and after death
close to 35 feet
which tissue layer of the alimentary canal coordinate rhythmic peristaltic contractions of the muscles
which results in the mixing and the forward propulsion of food bolus through the stomach and intestine
- correct answer muscularis
the muscularis consists of two smooth muscle layers A circular inner layer and a longitudinal outer layer
and coordinates rythmetic peristaltic contractions of the muscles resulting in the mixture and forward
propulsion of food bolus through the stomach and intestines
Which tissue layer of the alimentary canal is involved when a patient is experiencing the pain of bowel
inflammation
- correct answer serosa
The serosa which covers the structures within the peritoneal cavity is in continually with the visceral
peritoneum and associated with pain of bowel inflammation
What complication may be avoided when stomas are matured (everted) at the time of surgery
- correct answer serositis
The outer layer of the bowel is serosa and exposed to air it can lead to necrosis and sloughing called
serositis inflammation of the serosa if a stoma is not everted at the time of creation, the seroitis can
cause a partial or complete obstruction of the non matured stoma
,Which post surgical patient would the woc nurse monitor for percutaneous anemia due to impaired
absorption of vitamin B12?
- correct answer A patient with an ileostomy will have significant links of the terminal ileum resected
and may require lifelong vitamin B12 replacement to prevent prayer continuous anemia improve fat
intolerance and reduce weight loss
Which structure of the small intestine may take on some of the functions of the colon when the colon is
surgically removed
- correct answer villi
Villi are able to transform to some degree elongate or become hypertrophied and thus are capable to
increase the absorbative capacity taking on some of the function of the colon when the colon is
surgically removed
A patient is undergoing surgery for continent diversion which structure of the small intestine may be
used as a continent mechanism for this patient?
- correct answer ileocecal valve
the ileocecal valve is smooth muscle that can function to prevent stoma output from a continent
diversion
Of all the organs in the digestive tract which one is considered by some to be the organ of convenience
and is not necessary to sustain life?
- correct answer colon
The colon function fluid absorption transportation of fecal material and storage is not necessary to
sustain life. the small intestine villi are able to transform to some degree and are able to increase the
absorptive capacity taking on some of the colon function when the colon is surgically removed
Patient should be positioned on the left side for colonoscopy because of the S shaped curvature to the
- correct answer sigmoid colon
the sigmoid: is on the left side of the abdomen and the endoscopist will be able to move the scope into
the S shape sigmoid: if the patient is laying on the left side
Which organ has the ability to regenerate up to 70% to destruction before becoming symptomatic?
- correct answer Liver
it is thought that the liver's blood supply and proximity to the individual cells allows the liver to
regenerate
,In an individual with an intact bowel, the factor most critical to gas production is
- correct answer Dietary factors such as complex carbohydrates
The role of the colon in nutrient absorption is best described as
- correct answer The colon is incapable of contributing to nutrient absorption
What are prebiotics?
- correct answer Undigestible carbohydrates that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.
What are symbiotics?
- correct answer Protective compounds, such as short chain fatty acids, that support the growth of
beneficial bacteria in the gut.
What are probiotics?
- correct answer Beneficial bacteria found in the bowel that promote a healthy gut microbiome.
the functional unit of the kidney is the nephron what is the primary function of this structure
- correct answer removing waste and toxic products from the plasma
and control the composition of body fluids
Which structure of the urinary system assist with urine storage and elimination?
- correct answer bladder
the urinary bladder is hollow muscular organ designed to fill with urine at low pressures stores
approximately 300 to 600 MLS urine in the healthy adult and eliminates urine
Which structure of the urinary system is common sight for congenital or acquired obstruction such as
kidney stone
- correct answer ureteropelvic junction (upj)
the UPJ is a common site for congenital or acquired obstruction that is stones
What is the important function of the urethra?
- correct answer Maintaining continence. the urethra has specialized striated muscle that contains both
, fast twitch and short twitch muscle fibers that aid in tone of the urethra during periods of sudden
increase in abdominal pressure to prevent urinary incontinence
Which organ adjacent to the kidneys needs to be protected during urinary reconstruction surgery?
- correct answer ascending large intestine
organs adjacent to the kidneys include the duodenum, pancreas tail, hepatic flexure of the large
intestine, ascending colon descending and sigmoid colon. Identification and protection by the surgeon
during urinary reconstruction surgery are crucial to prevent life threatening inter and post operative
complications
the kidneys secrete
- correct answer renin angiotensin aldosterone to regulate blood volume and pressure
the kidneys possess endocrine like functions by secreting hormones EPO erythropoietin to promote red
blood cell production and renin angiotensin aldosterone to regulate blood volume and pressure
homeostatic mechanisms to maintain narrow blood pH range is primarily done by the kidneys and lungs
to mean hydrogen balance bicarbonate is regulated by the kidneys
What condition might occur when excess of uric acid is precipitated in the blood?
- correct answer Gout
Uric acid is a byproduct of purine and guanine metabolism from the intake of meat and seafood only
10% is excreted in the urine if in excess uric acid may precipitate in blood and cause painful deposits and
joints called gout
What important point should be emphasized when explaining how the renal system works to regulate
the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?
- correct answer Anti diuretic hormone causes water reabsorption. Four key points to remember when
discussing fluid and electrolyte balance are as follows
1 aldosterone causes reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
2 anti diuretic hormone causes water reabsorption
3 sodium is the main ion outside the cell interstitial and vascular while potassium is the main ion within
the actual cell and for water easily diffuses through membrane readily from low to high solute
concentration
What is the primary goal when creating a urinary diversion?
- correct answer Preserve the function of the upper urinary tract.
