NRSG 201 Exam 3 V2 | NRSG 201 Med
Surg 1 | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NRSG201 Exam 3) | Ivy Tech
1. A nurse is assessing a patient with bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following breath
sounds should the nurse expect to auscultate over the affected lobe?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezing
C. Stridor
D. Diminished breath sounds
Correct Answer: A
Crackles are frequently heard in patients with pneumonia due to the presence of fluid or
exudate in the alveoli. These adventitious sounds are produced when air passes through
moisture-filled airways during inspiration. The nurse must document the location and
timing of these sounds to monitor the patient’s progress toward resolution.
2. A patient with COPD is being discharged. Which statement by the patient indicates a
correct understanding of pursed-lip breathing?
A. I should take quick, shallow breaths to save energy.
B. It helps keep my airways open longer during exhalation.
C. I should only use it when I am sleeping.
,D. It will help me increase my oxygen intake during inhalation.
Correct Answer: B
Pursed-lip breathing creates positive pressure in the airways, which prevents them from
collapsing during expiration. This technique allows for more effective CO2 removal and
reduces the work of breathing. The nurse should encourage the patient to use this
technique during activities of daily living to manage dyspnea.
3. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory for a nurse entering the room of
a patient with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)?
A. N95 respirator mask
B. Gown and gloves only
C. Surgical mask
D. Face shield
Correct Answer: A
Tuberculosis is spread via airborne droplets that are small enough to remain suspended in
the air. An N95 respirator is required because it can filter out these tiny particles, whereas
a standard surgical mask cannot. The patient must also be placed in a negative-pressure
room to ensure safety for healthcare workers and other patients.
4. A patient is admitted with suspected urolithiasis (renal calculi). What is the priority nursing
intervention?
A. Straining all urine for stones
, B. Encouraging a low-protein diet
C. Starting a 24-hour urine collection
D. Administering IV antibiotics
Correct Answer: A
Straining all urine is critical to catch any stones that may be passed so they can be sent to
the lab for analysis. Identifying the composition of the stone helps the healthcare provider
determine the appropriate dietary and medical management. Additionally, the nurse must
prioritize pain management and fluid intake in these patients.
5. The nurse interprets the following ABG results: pH 7.31, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, and HCO3 24
mEq/L. Which condition is the patient experiencing?
A. Respiratory Acidosis
B. Metabolic Acidosis
C. Respiratory Alkalosis
D. Metabolic Alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
The pH level is below 7.35, indicating acidosis, and the PaCO2 is elevated above 45 mm
Hg, indicating a respiratory cause. The bicarbonate level is within the normal range,
suggesting no compensation has occurred yet. This pattern is commonly seen in patients
with respiratory depression or obstructive lung diseases.
Surg 1 | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NRSG201 Exam 3) | Ivy Tech
1. A nurse is assessing a patient with bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following breath
sounds should the nurse expect to auscultate over the affected lobe?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezing
C. Stridor
D. Diminished breath sounds
Correct Answer: A
Crackles are frequently heard in patients with pneumonia due to the presence of fluid or
exudate in the alveoli. These adventitious sounds are produced when air passes through
moisture-filled airways during inspiration. The nurse must document the location and
timing of these sounds to monitor the patient’s progress toward resolution.
2. A patient with COPD is being discharged. Which statement by the patient indicates a
correct understanding of pursed-lip breathing?
A. I should take quick, shallow breaths to save energy.
B. It helps keep my airways open longer during exhalation.
C. I should only use it when I am sleeping.
,D. It will help me increase my oxygen intake during inhalation.
Correct Answer: B
Pursed-lip breathing creates positive pressure in the airways, which prevents them from
collapsing during expiration. This technique allows for more effective CO2 removal and
reduces the work of breathing. The nurse should encourage the patient to use this
technique during activities of daily living to manage dyspnea.
3. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory for a nurse entering the room of
a patient with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)?
A. N95 respirator mask
B. Gown and gloves only
C. Surgical mask
D. Face shield
Correct Answer: A
Tuberculosis is spread via airborne droplets that are small enough to remain suspended in
the air. An N95 respirator is required because it can filter out these tiny particles, whereas
a standard surgical mask cannot. The patient must also be placed in a negative-pressure
room to ensure safety for healthcare workers and other patients.
4. A patient is admitted with suspected urolithiasis (renal calculi). What is the priority nursing
intervention?
A. Straining all urine for stones
, B. Encouraging a low-protein diet
C. Starting a 24-hour urine collection
D. Administering IV antibiotics
Correct Answer: A
Straining all urine is critical to catch any stones that may be passed so they can be sent to
the lab for analysis. Identifying the composition of the stone helps the healthcare provider
determine the appropriate dietary and medical management. Additionally, the nurse must
prioritize pain management and fluid intake in these patients.
5. The nurse interprets the following ABG results: pH 7.31, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, and HCO3 24
mEq/L. Which condition is the patient experiencing?
A. Respiratory Acidosis
B. Metabolic Acidosis
C. Respiratory Alkalosis
D. Metabolic Alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
The pH level is below 7.35, indicating acidosis, and the PaCO2 is elevated above 45 mm
Hg, indicating a respiratory cause. The bicarbonate level is within the normal range,
suggesting no compensation has occurred yet. This pattern is commonly seen in patients
with respiratory depression or obstructive lung diseases.
