NRSG 100 Exam 3 V3 | NRSG 100
Fundamentals of Nursing | Actual Q&A
with Rationale (NRSG100 Exam 3) | Ivy
Tech
1. A nurse is assessing a patient with a fluid volume deficit. Which clinical finding should the
nurse expect to observe?
A. Distended neck veins
B. Orthostatic hypotension
C. Increased skin turgor
D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Orthostatic hypotension is a common sign of fluid volume deficit due to decreased
circulating blood volume. Patients may also experience tachycardia as the body attempts to
compensate for the low volume. Skin turgor would be decreased rather than increased in
this clinical state.
2. A client has a serum sodium level of 128 mEq/L. Which nursing intervention is a priority for
this patient?
A. Encourage increased water intake
B. Initiate seizure precautions
,C. Administer a diuretic as ordered
D. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: B
Hyponatremia, defined as a sodium level below 135 mEq/L, places the patient at high risk
for neurological changes and seizures. Seizure precautions are essential to ensure patient
safety while the electrolyte imbalance is corrected. The nurse must also monitor
neurological status and restrict free water if the hyponatremia is dilutional.
3. A patient’s arterial blood gas (ABG) results are: pH 7.31, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, and HCO3 24
mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these findings?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: C
The pH is below the normal range of 7.35-7.45, indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 is elevated
above 45 mm Hg, which is the primary cause of the acidic pH. Since the bicarbonate level is
within normal limits, this represents uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
, 4. The nurse is caring for a patient with a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which ECG change
should the nurse closely monitor for?
A. Prominent U waves
B. Shortened PR interval
C. Tall, peaked T waves
D. ST-segment depression
Correct Answer: C
Hyperkalemia commonly manifests on an ECG as tall, peaked T waves and a widened QRS
complex. These changes reflect the altered repolarization of the cardiac muscle due to high
extracellular potassium. If left untreated, this condition can progress to ventricular
fibrillation or cardiac arrest.
5. A nurse is teaching a female patient about preventing recurrent urinary tract infections
(UTIs). Which instruction is most important?
A. Bathe in a tub rather than showering
B. Limit fluid intake to reduce frequency
C. Wipe from front to back after voiding
D. Void every 6 to 8 hours
Correct Answer: C
Fundamentals of Nursing | Actual Q&A
with Rationale (NRSG100 Exam 3) | Ivy
Tech
1. A nurse is assessing a patient with a fluid volume deficit. Which clinical finding should the
nurse expect to observe?
A. Distended neck veins
B. Orthostatic hypotension
C. Increased skin turgor
D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Orthostatic hypotension is a common sign of fluid volume deficit due to decreased
circulating blood volume. Patients may also experience tachycardia as the body attempts to
compensate for the low volume. Skin turgor would be decreased rather than increased in
this clinical state.
2. A client has a serum sodium level of 128 mEq/L. Which nursing intervention is a priority for
this patient?
A. Encourage increased water intake
B. Initiate seizure precautions
,C. Administer a diuretic as ordered
D. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: B
Hyponatremia, defined as a sodium level below 135 mEq/L, places the patient at high risk
for neurological changes and seizures. Seizure precautions are essential to ensure patient
safety while the electrolyte imbalance is corrected. The nurse must also monitor
neurological status and restrict free water if the hyponatremia is dilutional.
3. A patient’s arterial blood gas (ABG) results are: pH 7.31, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, and HCO3 24
mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these findings?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: C
The pH is below the normal range of 7.35-7.45, indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 is elevated
above 45 mm Hg, which is the primary cause of the acidic pH. Since the bicarbonate level is
within normal limits, this represents uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
, 4. The nurse is caring for a patient with a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which ECG change
should the nurse closely monitor for?
A. Prominent U waves
B. Shortened PR interval
C. Tall, peaked T waves
D. ST-segment depression
Correct Answer: C
Hyperkalemia commonly manifests on an ECG as tall, peaked T waves and a widened QRS
complex. These changes reflect the altered repolarization of the cardiac muscle due to high
extracellular potassium. If left untreated, this condition can progress to ventricular
fibrillation or cardiac arrest.
5. A nurse is teaching a female patient about preventing recurrent urinary tract infections
(UTIs). Which instruction is most important?
A. Bathe in a tub rather than showering
B. Limit fluid intake to reduce frequency
C. Wipe from front to back after voiding
D. Void every 6 to 8 hours
Correct Answer: C
