2027 RELIAS
DSYRHYTHMIA
LATEST EXAM!!!
🟢 SINUS RHYTHMS (NORMAL & ABNORMAL)
1. NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM (NSR)
text
COLOR CODE: 🔴 P wave (red) 🟢 QRS (green) 🔵 T wave (blue)
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
═══════
Lead II - 6-second strip
Rate: 75 bpm (Regular)
R R R R R R R R
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1|Page SUCCESS!!!
,🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵
P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T
KEY FEATURES:
✅ Rate: 60-100 bpm
✅ Rhythm: Regular
✅ P waves: Upright & uniform before each QRS
✅ PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 sec (3-5 small boxes)
✅ QRS: <0.12 sec (narrow)
✅ 1:1 conduction (every P followed by QRS)
COLORING TIP: Color the P waves RED, the QRS complexes GREEN, and the T waves BLUE.
Notice how each P wave is followed by a QRS, and the R-R intervals are equally spaced.
2. SINUS BRADYCARDIA
text
COLOR CODE: 🔴 P wave (red) 🟢 QRS (green) 🔵 T wave (blue)
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
═══════
Rate: 48 bpm (Regular - SLOW)
R R R R R R
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🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵
2|Page SUCCESS!!!
,P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T
KEY FEATURES:
✅ Rate: <60 bpm (usually 40-59)
✅ Rhythm: Regular
✅ P waves: Upright & normal (just like NSR)
✅ PR Interval: Normal (0.12-0.20 sec)
✅ QRS: Narrow (<0.12 sec)
✅ EVERYTHING is the SAME as NSR - just SLOWER!
COLORING TIP: Color the complexes the same as NSR. Notice the wide spacing between R waves -
this is what "slow" looks like. Count the complexes - there are fewer than 6 in a 6-second strip.
3. SINUS TACHYCARDIA
text
COLOR CODE: 🔴 P wave (red) 🟢 QRS (green) 🔵 T wave (blue)
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
═══════
Rate: 120 bpm (Regular - FAST)
R R R R R R R R R R R R
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🔴🟢🔵🔴🟢🔵🔴🟢🔵🔴🟢🔵🔴🟢🔵🔴🟢🔵
P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS
3|Page SUCCESS!!!
, KEY FEATURES:
✅ Rate: 100-150 bpm
✅ Rhythm: Regular
✅ P waves: Upright & visible (may be closer to T wave)
✅ PR Interval: Normal (0.12-0.20 sec)
✅ QRS: Narrow (<0.12 sec)
✅ EVERYTHING is the SAME as NSR - just FASTER!
COLORING TIP: Color the complexes the same as NSR. Notice the tight spacing between R waves -
this is what "fast" looks like. Count the complexes - there are more than 6 in a 6-second strip.
4. SINUS ARRHYTHMIA
text
COLOR CODE: 🔴 P wave (red) 🟢 QRS (green) 🔵 T wave (blue)
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
═══════
Rate: 60-90 bpm (IRREGULAR - varies with breathing)
R R R R R R R R R
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🔴 🟢🔵🔴 🟢🔵🔴 🟢🔵🔴 🟢🔵🔴 🟢🔵🔴 🟢🔵
P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS
4|Page SUCCESS!!!
DSYRHYTHMIA
LATEST EXAM!!!
🟢 SINUS RHYTHMS (NORMAL & ABNORMAL)
1. NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM (NSR)
text
COLOR CODE: 🔴 P wave (red) 🟢 QRS (green) 🔵 T wave (blue)
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
═══════
Lead II - 6-second strip
Rate: 75 bpm (Regular)
R R R R R R R R
| | | | | | | |
| || || || || || || ||
1|Page SUCCESS!!!
,🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵
P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T
KEY FEATURES:
✅ Rate: 60-100 bpm
✅ Rhythm: Regular
✅ P waves: Upright & uniform before each QRS
✅ PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 sec (3-5 small boxes)
✅ QRS: <0.12 sec (narrow)
✅ 1:1 conduction (every P followed by QRS)
COLORING TIP: Color the P waves RED, the QRS complexes GREEN, and the T waves BLUE.
Notice how each P wave is followed by a QRS, and the R-R intervals are equally spaced.
2. SINUS BRADYCARDIA
text
COLOR CODE: 🔴 P wave (red) 🟢 QRS (green) 🔵 T wave (blue)
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
═══════
Rate: 48 bpm (Regular - SLOW)
R R R R R R
| | | | | |
| ||| ||| ||| ||| ||| ||
🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵 🔴 🟢🔵
2|Page SUCCESS!!!
,P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T P QRS T
KEY FEATURES:
✅ Rate: <60 bpm (usually 40-59)
✅ Rhythm: Regular
✅ P waves: Upright & normal (just like NSR)
✅ PR Interval: Normal (0.12-0.20 sec)
✅ QRS: Narrow (<0.12 sec)
✅ EVERYTHING is the SAME as NSR - just SLOWER!
COLORING TIP: Color the complexes the same as NSR. Notice the wide spacing between R waves -
this is what "slow" looks like. Count the complexes - there are fewer than 6 in a 6-second strip.
3. SINUS TACHYCARDIA
text
COLOR CODE: 🔴 P wave (red) 🟢 QRS (green) 🔵 T wave (blue)
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
═══════
Rate: 120 bpm (Regular - FAST)
R R R R R R R R R R R R
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| || || || || || || || || || || || |
🔴🟢🔵🔴🟢🔵🔴🟢🔵🔴🟢🔵🔴🟢🔵🔴🟢🔵
P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS
3|Page SUCCESS!!!
, KEY FEATURES:
✅ Rate: 100-150 bpm
✅ Rhythm: Regular
✅ P waves: Upright & visible (may be closer to T wave)
✅ PR Interval: Normal (0.12-0.20 sec)
✅ QRS: Narrow (<0.12 sec)
✅ EVERYTHING is the SAME as NSR - just FASTER!
COLORING TIP: Color the complexes the same as NSR. Notice the tight spacing between R waves -
this is what "fast" looks like. Count the complexes - there are more than 6 in a 6-second strip.
4. SINUS ARRHYTHMIA
text
COLOR CODE: 🔴 P wave (red) 🟢 QRS (green) 🔵 T wave (blue)
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
═══════
Rate: 60-90 bpm (IRREGULAR - varies with breathing)
R R R R R R R R R
| | | | | | | | |
| | || | || | || | | || | || | |
🔴 🟢🔵🔴 🟢🔵🔴 🟢🔵🔴 🟢🔵🔴 🟢🔵🔴 🟢🔵
P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS P QRS
4|Page SUCCESS!!!
