Deterministic
ANSWER
radiation-induced health effects where the severity increases with the dose, above a certain
threshold
skin burns, hair loss, acute radiation syndrome
Stochastic
ANSWER
Cancer causing effects, higher dose than deterministic effects
Exposure to Patient
ANSWER
Minimal exposure for imaging and test, therapies increase risk of exposure
All must be approved by FDA for use
Practicing ALARA can reduce exposure to the patient
Exposure to technologist
ANSWER
Regular exposure occurs, practicing ALARA reduces exposure, monitoring badges and follow-
ing occupational exposure rates monthly is important
1
,Short term effects of radiation
ANSWER
High levels of radiation can lead to short term effects such as Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS)
or Cutaneous Radiation Injury (CRI)
Long term effects of radiation
ANSWER
Often from treatments - not imaging, long term exposure to high amounts of radiation
Effects can be:
Increased Cancer Risk
Heart and Lung Problems
Endocrine Issues
Cognitive and Neurological Effects
Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue Problems
Reproductive Issues
Eye and Vision Problems
Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS)
ANSWER
also known as radiation sickness, occurs following a significant exposure to ionizing radia-
tion, usually over a short period
Cutaneous Radiation Injury (CRI)
ANSWER
refers to skin damage resulting from high-dose radiation exposure
Radiosensitivity (effects on the cell)
2
, ANSWER
response of the tumor to irradiation that can be measured by the extent of regression, ra-
pidity of response, and response durability
radiation kills cells by inhibiting their ability to divide
ALARA (time)
ANSWER
the amount of time spent with a dose the great the exposure
for ALARA it is important to reduce the time spent with the dose to reduce exposure
ALARA (distance)
ANSWER
inverse square law
ALARA (sheilding)
ANSWER
Half-value Layers (HVL)
HVL = Each level of shielding creates the exposure to be half of the previous shielded
amount. Example 2 HVL = 25% of original dose, 3 HVL = 12.5% of original dose
What does ALARA stand for?
ANSWER
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Survey meters
3
ANSWER
radiation-induced health effects where the severity increases with the dose, above a certain
threshold
skin burns, hair loss, acute radiation syndrome
Stochastic
ANSWER
Cancer causing effects, higher dose than deterministic effects
Exposure to Patient
ANSWER
Minimal exposure for imaging and test, therapies increase risk of exposure
All must be approved by FDA for use
Practicing ALARA can reduce exposure to the patient
Exposure to technologist
ANSWER
Regular exposure occurs, practicing ALARA reduces exposure, monitoring badges and follow-
ing occupational exposure rates monthly is important
1
,Short term effects of radiation
ANSWER
High levels of radiation can lead to short term effects such as Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS)
or Cutaneous Radiation Injury (CRI)
Long term effects of radiation
ANSWER
Often from treatments - not imaging, long term exposure to high amounts of radiation
Effects can be:
Increased Cancer Risk
Heart and Lung Problems
Endocrine Issues
Cognitive and Neurological Effects
Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue Problems
Reproductive Issues
Eye and Vision Problems
Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS)
ANSWER
also known as radiation sickness, occurs following a significant exposure to ionizing radia-
tion, usually over a short period
Cutaneous Radiation Injury (CRI)
ANSWER
refers to skin damage resulting from high-dose radiation exposure
Radiosensitivity (effects on the cell)
2
, ANSWER
response of the tumor to irradiation that can be measured by the extent of regression, ra-
pidity of response, and response durability
radiation kills cells by inhibiting their ability to divide
ALARA (time)
ANSWER
the amount of time spent with a dose the great the exposure
for ALARA it is important to reduce the time spent with the dose to reduce exposure
ALARA (distance)
ANSWER
inverse square law
ALARA (sheilding)
ANSWER
Half-value Layers (HVL)
HVL = Each level of shielding creates the exposure to be half of the previous shielded
amount. Example 2 HVL = 25% of original dose, 3 HVL = 12.5% of original dose
What does ALARA stand for?
ANSWER
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Survey meters
3
