2
Pain management Final Exam with verified detailed answers
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Local anesthesia - ✔✔Creates a transient numbing feeling, eliminating the feeling of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
sensation in a specific area || || || ||
in dentistry when administering local anesthesia the nerves that are targeted are part of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
___________ nervous system - ✔✔Peripheral || || || ||
In dentistry, dental local anesthetic injection are of what type? - ✔✔submucosal
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The majority of emergent situations regarding administration of dental local anesthesia
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occur - ✔✔within 5 minutes after injection
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Basic technique for administering dental local anesthesia should include - ✔✔slow, smooth
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advancement and removal of the dental needle || || || || || ||
impulse transmission occurs when ______ the cell wall - ✔✔sodium ions enter
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The _______ helps reestablish the nerve to its resting potential - ✔✔sodium potassium
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pump
How does local anesthesia stop working in the injected area - ✔✔The anesthesia diffuses
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out of the nerve cell
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the __________ helps to speed up the impulse transmission along myelinated nerves -
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✔✔Schwann cells ||
,2
The electrophysiology of impulse conduction has three phases.
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Following an Impulse - ✔✔Action potential, depolarization, repolarization
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The pH of the surrounding tissues greatly influences the effectiveness of the anesthesia. The
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pH of inflamed tissue is _____ then healthy tissue. The inflamed tissue is in the range of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
_______ pH - ✔✔lower/ 5.0-6.0 || || || ||
The systemic actions of local anesthetic drugs affect three systems of the body when there
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
are increased blood levels. Name the three systems in the order of severity in which they are
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
affected - ✔✔Central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system
|| || || || || || || || ||
Name the two classifications of local anesthetics commonly used in dentistry - ✔✔Ester &
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Amides
An overdose reaction to local anesthetics is __________. This reaction is usually self-
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
limiting as long as adequate ________ is provided. - ✔✔Tonic-clonic convulsions/ CO2
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The hereditary trait that characterizes the inability to hydrolyze a local anesthetic drug with
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a plasma enzyme is called _________ and would be considered a relative contraindication
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
for the use of _____________ local anesthetics - ✔✔Atypical pseudocholinesterase/ ester
|| || || || || || || || || ||
All local anesthetics except ________ produce a _________ in the area that they are
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
deposited in - ✔✔Cocaine/ Vasodilation || || || ||
Name the four factors that influence the level of the local anesthetic drug in the blood
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
creating a potential toxicity - ✔✔Metabolism, Excertion, Distribution & Absorption
|| || || || || || || || ||
When Administering Dental Local Anesthesia, afferent nerves are targeted - ✔✔True
|| || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
Local anesthesia works when the local anesthesia molecule effectively blocks sodium
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
channels within the nerve cell wall - ✔✔True
|| || || || || || ||
Impulse conduction travels more rapidly in myelinated nerve due to the lipid insulation and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
travels in one direction only - ✔✔True
|| || || || || || ||
Examples of naturally occurring adrenergic, catecholamine agonists in the sympathetic
|| || || || || || || || || ||
nervous system are - ✔✔Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine
|| || || || || ||
Which vasopressor is strongly contraindicated in patients receiving tricyclic antidepressants
|| || || || || || || || || ||
and MAO inhibitors? - ✔✔0.018mg
|| || || ||
Some sympathomimetic adrenergic drugs, such as epinephrine or Levonordefrin, compete
|| || || || || || || || || ||
initially for the ________ receptor sites of the smooth muscle causing ________ of the
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muscle - ✔✔Alpha/ Vasoconstriction
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Which vasopressor is relatively contraindicated in patients receiving tricyclic
|| || || || || || || || ||
antidepressants and MAO inhibitors? - ✔✔Epinephrine || || || || ||
When there is a vasoconstrictor added to a local anesthetic at 1:50,000 concentration the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
amount of vasoconstrictor in the cartridge is - ✔✔0.036mg
|| || || || || || || ||
The preservative used in local anesthetics when a vasopressor is present is called -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Sodium bisulfite ||
The standard effective depth of penetration for topical anesthetics as long as the tissue is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
intact is - ✔✔2-3mm
|| || ||
Pain management Final Exam with verified detailed answers
|| || || || || || ||
Local anesthesia - ✔✔Creates a transient numbing feeling, eliminating the feeling of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
sensation in a specific area || || || ||
in dentistry when administering local anesthesia the nerves that are targeted are part of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
___________ nervous system - ✔✔Peripheral || || || ||
In dentistry, dental local anesthetic injection are of what type? - ✔✔submucosal
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
The majority of emergent situations regarding administration of dental local anesthesia
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
occur - ✔✔within 5 minutes after injection
|| || || || || ||
Basic technique for administering dental local anesthesia should include - ✔✔slow, smooth
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
advancement and removal of the dental needle || || || || || ||
impulse transmission occurs when ______ the cell wall - ✔✔sodium ions enter
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
The _______ helps reestablish the nerve to its resting potential - ✔✔sodium potassium
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pump
How does local anesthesia stop working in the injected area - ✔✔The anesthesia diffuses
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
out of the nerve cell
|| || || ||
the __________ helps to speed up the impulse transmission along myelinated nerves -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Schwann cells ||
,2
The electrophysiology of impulse conduction has three phases.
|| || || || || || ||
Following an Impulse - ✔✔Action potential, depolarization, repolarization
|| || || || || || ||
The pH of the surrounding tissues greatly influences the effectiveness of the anesthesia. The
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pH of inflamed tissue is _____ then healthy tissue. The inflamed tissue is in the range of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
_______ pH - ✔✔lower/ 5.0-6.0 || || || ||
The systemic actions of local anesthetic drugs affect three systems of the body when there
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
are increased blood levels. Name the three systems in the order of severity in which they are
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
affected - ✔✔Central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system
|| || || || || || || || ||
Name the two classifications of local anesthetics commonly used in dentistry - ✔✔Ester &
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Amides
An overdose reaction to local anesthetics is __________. This reaction is usually self-
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
limiting as long as adequate ________ is provided. - ✔✔Tonic-clonic convulsions/ CO2
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
The hereditary trait that characterizes the inability to hydrolyze a local anesthetic drug with
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a plasma enzyme is called _________ and would be considered a relative contraindication
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
for the use of _____________ local anesthetics - ✔✔Atypical pseudocholinesterase/ ester
|| || || || || || || || || ||
All local anesthetics except ________ produce a _________ in the area that they are
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
deposited in - ✔✔Cocaine/ Vasodilation || || || ||
Name the four factors that influence the level of the local anesthetic drug in the blood
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
creating a potential toxicity - ✔✔Metabolism, Excertion, Distribution & Absorption
|| || || || || || || || ||
When Administering Dental Local Anesthesia, afferent nerves are targeted - ✔✔True
|| || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
Local anesthesia works when the local anesthesia molecule effectively blocks sodium
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
channels within the nerve cell wall - ✔✔True
|| || || || || || ||
Impulse conduction travels more rapidly in myelinated nerve due to the lipid insulation and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
travels in one direction only - ✔✔True
|| || || || || || ||
Examples of naturally occurring adrenergic, catecholamine agonists in the sympathetic
|| || || || || || || || || ||
nervous system are - ✔✔Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine
|| || || || || ||
Which vasopressor is strongly contraindicated in patients receiving tricyclic antidepressants
|| || || || || || || || || ||
and MAO inhibitors? - ✔✔0.018mg
|| || || ||
Some sympathomimetic adrenergic drugs, such as epinephrine or Levonordefrin, compete
|| || || || || || || || || ||
initially for the ________ receptor sites of the smooth muscle causing ________ of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
muscle - ✔✔Alpha/ Vasoconstriction
|| || ||
Which vasopressor is relatively contraindicated in patients receiving tricyclic
|| || || || || || || || ||
antidepressants and MAO inhibitors? - ✔✔Epinephrine || || || || ||
When there is a vasoconstrictor added to a local anesthetic at 1:50,000 concentration the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
amount of vasoconstrictor in the cartridge is - ✔✔0.036mg
|| || || || || || || ||
The preservative used in local anesthetics when a vasopressor is present is called -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Sodium bisulfite ||
The standard effective depth of penetration for topical anesthetics as long as the tissue is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
intact is - ✔✔2-3mm
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