QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Dimensions of Temperament:Approach/sociability/positive emotion- - ✔✔tendency
to move toward rather than away from new people, situations or objects. usually
accompanied by positive emotion
✔✔Dimensions of Temperament -Inhibition and anxiety- - ✔✔respond with fear to or
withdraw from new people, situations or objects
✔✔Dimensions of Temperament- Negative emotionality/irritability/anger- - ✔✔tendency
to repsond with anger, fussiness, loudness, or irritability- low threshold of frustration-
difficult child
✔✔Dimensions of Temperament- Effortful control/task persistence- - ✔✔ability to stay
focused, to manage attention and effort
✔✔Subjective Self - ✔✔an infant's awareness that she or he is a separate person who
endures through time and space and can act on the environment.. First recognize
subjective self- around 2 to 3 months . Solidified through 8-12 months.
✔✔Objective Self - ✔✔a toddler's understanding that she or he is defined by various
categories such as gender or qualities such as shyness. Describe who one is.
, ✔✔Emotional Self - ✔✔the way you feel about yourself and others- knowing that you
and others have emotions. Knowing that what you do effects people's emotions.
✔✔Some infants between 6 and 16 months experience a fear of people they do not
know. Which of the following terms best identifies this fearful phase of infancy?
Stranger anxiety
Separation anxiety
Social referencing
Affect dysregulation - ✔✔Stranger anxiety
✔✔Callie, age 11 months, went to the circus with her mother. When a clown came
bouncing up to Callie's stroller, Callie was anxious and looked at her mother. When
Callie's mother began to laugh at the clown, Callie joined in the laughter. Callie's
behavior shows evidence of
affective regulation.
social referencing.
stranger anxiety.
bonding dependence. - ✔✔social referencing.
✔✔DEFINE NON-PARENTAL CARE AND THE EFFECTS - ✔✔care from other family
members or people who are not the parents. Effects- insecure attachment with parents,
less physically active, lower development of motor skills, can effect reading and
cognitive development.
✔✔LIST CAREGIVER CHARACTERISTICS THAT IMPACT ATTACHMENT. LIST THE
RESULT OF SECURE ATTACHMENT. - ✔✔
✔✔BOWLBY'S ATTACHMENT THEORY: 4 PHASES- birth to 3 months - ✔✔non-
focused orienting and signaling, babies cry, smile, make eye contact to draw attention
✔✔BOWLBY'S ATTACHMENT THEORY: 4 PHASES- 3-6 months - ✔✔
✔✔BOWLBY'S ATTACHMENT THEORY: 4 PHASES- 6-24 months - ✔✔
✔✔BOWLBY'S ATTACHMENT THEORY: 4 PHASES- 24+ months - ✔✔
✔✔Stranger Anxiety - ✔✔the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning
by about 8 months of age. baby clings to mother when stranger is present
✔✔separation anxiety - ✔✔emotional distress seen in many infants when they are
separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment- away from secure
base