CNUR 202- Pharmacology Midterm Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Pharmaceutics
how dose of meds affects the body
Pharmacokinetics
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted. Split into 6 groups
1) Absorption: The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream
for distribution from the tissues
> *BIOAVAILABILITY* --> extent and rate of body absorbing a drug
>First-pass effect--> first breakdown, concentration of drug is greatly reduced when it
reaches targeted area (migraine example : IV was strong instantly, oral has to pass through
and breakdown many places and effect was weaker and slower)
2) Distribution: Route and Transport
3) Metabolism: biotransformation ex) cytochrome P450 enzymes
4) Excretion: the process where drugs are eliminated ex)kidney
5) Half-life: how long it takes 1/2 of given drug to be eliminated (ex, lasts 4 hours, half life is
2 hours)
6) Loading dose: an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of
treatment
Pharmaodynamics
what the drug does to the body, mechanism of action
Pharmacotherapeutics
, therapeutic outcomes of drug
antagonist vs agonist
Antagonist: Molecule that inhibits or blocks a
(neurotransmitter's) receptor's action
Agonist: Molecule that increases a (neurotransmitter's) receptor's action
Epinephrine
Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as
adrenaline.
Salbutamol (Ventolin)
Short acting beta-2 andrenergic receptor agonist.
Used for the relief of bronchospasm in asthma or COPD.
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
anticholinergic bronchodilator
SABA
short term acting beta antagonists (relievers)
> used as quick relief agents for acute bronchospasm
> Salbutamol (Ventolin, Airomir)
> Ventolin also used for prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm
>takes in effect in mins and lasts 2-4 hrs
>maintenance --> MDI (metered-dose inhaler)
LABA
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Pharmaceutics
how dose of meds affects the body
Pharmacokinetics
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted. Split into 6 groups
1) Absorption: The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream
for distribution from the tissues
> *BIOAVAILABILITY* --> extent and rate of body absorbing a drug
>First-pass effect--> first breakdown, concentration of drug is greatly reduced when it
reaches targeted area (migraine example : IV was strong instantly, oral has to pass through
and breakdown many places and effect was weaker and slower)
2) Distribution: Route and Transport
3) Metabolism: biotransformation ex) cytochrome P450 enzymes
4) Excretion: the process where drugs are eliminated ex)kidney
5) Half-life: how long it takes 1/2 of given drug to be eliminated (ex, lasts 4 hours, half life is
2 hours)
6) Loading dose: an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of
treatment
Pharmaodynamics
what the drug does to the body, mechanism of action
Pharmacotherapeutics
, therapeutic outcomes of drug
antagonist vs agonist
Antagonist: Molecule that inhibits or blocks a
(neurotransmitter's) receptor's action
Agonist: Molecule that increases a (neurotransmitter's) receptor's action
Epinephrine
Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as
adrenaline.
Salbutamol (Ventolin)
Short acting beta-2 andrenergic receptor agonist.
Used for the relief of bronchospasm in asthma or COPD.
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
anticholinergic bronchodilator
SABA
short term acting beta antagonists (relievers)
> used as quick relief agents for acute bronchospasm
> Salbutamol (Ventolin, Airomir)
> Ventolin also used for prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm
>takes in effect in mins and lasts 2-4 hrs
>maintenance --> MDI (metered-dose inhaler)
LABA
