NURS 5315 Final Exam V2 | NURS 5315
Advanced Pathophysiology | Actual Q&A
with Rationale (NURS5315 Final Exam) |
The University of Texas at Arlington
1. A 65-year-old patient who has been bedridden for several weeks exhibits a decrease in the
size of the gastrocnemius muscle. Which cellular process does this represent?
A. Dysplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: D
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cellular size caused by aging, disuse, or reduced blood
supply. When cells atrophy, they contain fewer mitochondria and less endoplasmic
reticulum to conserve energy. This process is a common physiological adaptation to
decreased functional demand or chronic malnutrition.
2. A child is diagnosed with Turner syndrome. Which of the following karyotypes is associated
with this condition?
A. 47,XXY
B. 45,X
,C. 47,XY,+21
D. 46,XY,del(5p)
Answer: B
Rationale: Turner syndrome is characterized by the presence of a single X chromosome,
resulting in a 45,X karyotype. This condition affects females and often manifests as short
stature, webbed neck, and gonadal dysgenesis. It is typically caused by nondisjunction
during gametogenesis in one of the parents.
3. Which mechanism is primary in the development of metastatic cancer cells spreading via
the bloodstream?
A. Apoptosis
B. Contact inhibition
C. Differentiation
D. Intravasation
Answer: D
Rationale: Intravasation is the process by which cancer cells exit the primary tumor and
enter the blood or lymphatic vessels. Once in the circulation, these cells must survive
various stressors and immune attacks to reach distant organs. Successful metastasis also
requires extravasation and the ability to colonize new tissues.
, 4. A patient experiences a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting, resulting in hypotension and
bronchospasm. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is occurring?
A. Type I (IgE-mediated)
B. Type III (Immune complex)
C. Type IV (Delayed-type)
D. Type II (Cytotoxic)
Answer: A
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate reaction mediated by IgE antibodies
binding to mast cells. Upon re-exposure to an allergen, mast cells degranulate and release
histamine and other vasoactive mediators. This can lead to systemic anaphylaxis,
characterized by smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.
5. Which force is primarily responsible for the movement of fluid from the interstitial space
into the capillary?
A. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
B. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. Capillary oncotic pressure
D. Tissue osmotic pressure
Answer: C
Advanced Pathophysiology | Actual Q&A
with Rationale (NURS5315 Final Exam) |
The University of Texas at Arlington
1. A 65-year-old patient who has been bedridden for several weeks exhibits a decrease in the
size of the gastrocnemius muscle. Which cellular process does this represent?
A. Dysplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: D
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cellular size caused by aging, disuse, or reduced blood
supply. When cells atrophy, they contain fewer mitochondria and less endoplasmic
reticulum to conserve energy. This process is a common physiological adaptation to
decreased functional demand or chronic malnutrition.
2. A child is diagnosed with Turner syndrome. Which of the following karyotypes is associated
with this condition?
A. 47,XXY
B. 45,X
,C. 47,XY,+21
D. 46,XY,del(5p)
Answer: B
Rationale: Turner syndrome is characterized by the presence of a single X chromosome,
resulting in a 45,X karyotype. This condition affects females and often manifests as short
stature, webbed neck, and gonadal dysgenesis. It is typically caused by nondisjunction
during gametogenesis in one of the parents.
3. Which mechanism is primary in the development of metastatic cancer cells spreading via
the bloodstream?
A. Apoptosis
B. Contact inhibition
C. Differentiation
D. Intravasation
Answer: D
Rationale: Intravasation is the process by which cancer cells exit the primary tumor and
enter the blood or lymphatic vessels. Once in the circulation, these cells must survive
various stressors and immune attacks to reach distant organs. Successful metastasis also
requires extravasation and the ability to colonize new tissues.
, 4. A patient experiences a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting, resulting in hypotension and
bronchospasm. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is occurring?
A. Type I (IgE-mediated)
B. Type III (Immune complex)
C. Type IV (Delayed-type)
D. Type II (Cytotoxic)
Answer: A
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate reaction mediated by IgE antibodies
binding to mast cells. Upon re-exposure to an allergen, mast cells degranulate and release
histamine and other vasoactive mediators. This can lead to systemic anaphylaxis,
characterized by smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.
5. Which force is primarily responsible for the movement of fluid from the interstitial space
into the capillary?
A. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
B. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. Capillary oncotic pressure
D. Tissue osmotic pressure
Answer: C
