UT TYLER FNP NURS 5350 Adv Patho
Exam 1 Questions, Correct Answers,
Latest Version
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid
components of most of the cells organelles (memory factory)
Golgi complex
Organelle that packages and distributes proteins into vesicles and
transports within and outside of cell (refining plant in cytoplasm;
traffic cop- what goes in and out of cytoplasm)
Lysosomes
An organelle containing digestive enzymes; digest and remove
wastes, digest debris from dead cells; if ruptured, they can digest
cell contents; autodigestion occurs in starvation
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy)
production; pathway for metabolism of carbs, lipids, and amino
acids into ATP; to keep the cell alive; can grow and self-replicate
in the cell
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to
keep its shape, and aids in movement; "bones and muscle" of the
cell; have cilia to move it on out
Characteristics of plasma membrane
made up of lipids and proteins; the basic component is a bi-layer
of lipid molecules that are responsible for the structural integrity of
the membrane
The _______________ prevents water soluble molecules from
entering cells across the plasma membrane
Phospholipid layer
Prokaryote
, unicellular organism lacking a nucleus; contains NO organelles
(include cyanobacteria, bacteria, and rickettsia)
Eukaryote
organism whose cells contain a nucleus; "good nucleus;" larger w/
intracellular anatomy
cellular receptors
protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm, or
in the nucleus that can recognize and bind with specific smaller
molecules called ligands
3 types of cellular receptors
plasma membrane receptors, channel-linked receptors, non-
channel-linked receptors
passive transport
The movement of materials through a cell membrane WITHOUT
using energy; no-energy transport of uncharged molecules
through any semi-permeable barrier (occurs down a concentration
gradient)
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration.
concentration gradient
A difference in the concentration of a substance across a
distance.
hydrostatic pressure
the mechanical force of water PUSHING against cellular
membranes
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane;
from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower
water concentration; directly r/t hydrostatic pressure and solute
concentration; PULL
active transport
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
mediated transport
Exam 1 Questions, Correct Answers,
Latest Version
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid
components of most of the cells organelles (memory factory)
Golgi complex
Organelle that packages and distributes proteins into vesicles and
transports within and outside of cell (refining plant in cytoplasm;
traffic cop- what goes in and out of cytoplasm)
Lysosomes
An organelle containing digestive enzymes; digest and remove
wastes, digest debris from dead cells; if ruptured, they can digest
cell contents; autodigestion occurs in starvation
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy)
production; pathway for metabolism of carbs, lipids, and amino
acids into ATP; to keep the cell alive; can grow and self-replicate
in the cell
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to
keep its shape, and aids in movement; "bones and muscle" of the
cell; have cilia to move it on out
Characteristics of plasma membrane
made up of lipids and proteins; the basic component is a bi-layer
of lipid molecules that are responsible for the structural integrity of
the membrane
The _______________ prevents water soluble molecules from
entering cells across the plasma membrane
Phospholipid layer
Prokaryote
, unicellular organism lacking a nucleus; contains NO organelles
(include cyanobacteria, bacteria, and rickettsia)
Eukaryote
organism whose cells contain a nucleus; "good nucleus;" larger w/
intracellular anatomy
cellular receptors
protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm, or
in the nucleus that can recognize and bind with specific smaller
molecules called ligands
3 types of cellular receptors
plasma membrane receptors, channel-linked receptors, non-
channel-linked receptors
passive transport
The movement of materials through a cell membrane WITHOUT
using energy; no-energy transport of uncharged molecules
through any semi-permeable barrier (occurs down a concentration
gradient)
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration.
concentration gradient
A difference in the concentration of a substance across a
distance.
hydrostatic pressure
the mechanical force of water PUSHING against cellular
membranes
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane;
from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower
water concentration; directly r/t hydrostatic pressure and solute
concentration; PULL
active transport
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
mediated transport
